Contents and Concepts
... 1. When is a large negative number (more negative than about – 10 kJ), the reaction is spontaneous as written, and reactants transform almost entirely into products when equilibrium is reached. 2. When ∆Go is a large positive number (more positive than about + 10 kJ), the reaction is not spontaneous ...
... 1. When is a large negative number (more negative than about – 10 kJ), the reaction is spontaneous as written, and reactants transform almost entirely into products when equilibrium is reached. 2. When ∆Go is a large positive number (more positive than about + 10 kJ), the reaction is not spontaneous ...
Physical chemistry - MCQ topic quiz
... OCR’s resources are provided to support the teaching of OCR specifications, but in no way constitute an endorsed teaching method that is required by the Board, and the decision to use them lies with the individual teacher. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the content, OCR cannot ...
... OCR’s resources are provided to support the teaching of OCR specifications, but in no way constitute an endorsed teaching method that is required by the Board, and the decision to use them lies with the individual teacher. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the content, OCR cannot ...
Assistant Professor Chemistry, Class-2, Advt No. 84/2016
... According to Pearson theory, a hard base is one whose donor atom has (A) high electronegativity, high polarizability and easy to oxidize (B) high electronegativity, low polarizability and difficult to oxidize (C) low electronegativity, lowpolarizability and difficult to oxidize (D) low electronegati ...
... According to Pearson theory, a hard base is one whose donor atom has (A) high electronegativity, high polarizability and easy to oxidize (B) high electronegativity, low polarizability and difficult to oxidize (C) low electronegativity, lowpolarizability and difficult to oxidize (D) low electronegati ...
Advanced Chemistry
... (a) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant, Br2(g) and NO(g). In each case, explain your reasoning or provide calculations to justify your answer. Order of reaction for NO: look at experiments 3 + 4 (keep [Br2] constant). The initial [NO] in run 3 is 2x the initial [NO] of ...
... (a) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant, Br2(g) and NO(g). In each case, explain your reasoning or provide calculations to justify your answer. Order of reaction for NO: look at experiments 3 + 4 (keep [Br2] constant). The initial [NO] in run 3 is 2x the initial [NO] of ...
Environmental Chemistry
... of hydrogen sulfide. Secondly, the color of the sediment may change from a redbrown at the surface to a dark brown-black below. Both of these observations are linked to a lack of oxygen. The hydrogen sulfide will have come from the metabolism of sulfate by sulfatereducing bacteria, the dark colorati ...
... of hydrogen sulfide. Secondly, the color of the sediment may change from a redbrown at the surface to a dark brown-black below. Both of these observations are linked to a lack of oxygen. The hydrogen sulfide will have come from the metabolism of sulfate by sulfatereducing bacteria, the dark colorati ...
Thermodynamics
... where Ei is internal energy, P is pressure and V is volume, so for a system at constant P (e.g. atmospheric pressure for a flask open to the air) and one at constant volume (for reactions in solution the volume changes are usually extremely small and so can be ignored) the enthalpy is essentially th ...
... where Ei is internal energy, P is pressure and V is volume, so for a system at constant P (e.g. atmospheric pressure for a flask open to the air) and one at constant volume (for reactions in solution the volume changes are usually extremely small and so can be ignored) the enthalpy is essentially th ...
2016 - Specimen Paper 4 - Cambridge International Examinations
... number of moles of HCl used = ………………………………………………...…..……. number of moles of CoCl2 formed = ……………………………………………..….…… number of moles of CoCl2.6H2O formed = ………………………………………..…..… mass of one mole of CoCl2.6H2O = 238 g maximum yield of CoCl2.6H2O = …………………………………………………..…..… g to show that cobalt(II) ca ...
... number of moles of HCl used = ………………………………………………...…..……. number of moles of CoCl2 formed = ……………………………………………..….…… number of moles of CoCl2.6H2O formed = ………………………………………..…..… mass of one mole of CoCl2.6H2O = 238 g maximum yield of CoCl2.6H2O = …………………………………………………..…..… g to show that cobalt(II) ca ...
to view
... Q2. The depression in freezing point of water observed for the same molar concentrations of acetic acid, trichloro acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid increases in the order as stated above. Explain? A2 As depression in f.pt ( Tf) is dependent on degree of dissociation (α) and fluorine exerts the h ...
... Q2. The depression in freezing point of water observed for the same molar concentrations of acetic acid, trichloro acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid increases in the order as stated above. Explain? A2 As depression in f.pt ( Tf) is dependent on degree of dissociation (α) and fluorine exerts the h ...
AP Chap 2
... The Energy Levels of Electrons • Energy is the capacity to cause change • Potential energy is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure • The electrons of an atom differ in their amounts of potential energy • An electron’s state of potential energy is called its energy level, ...
... The Energy Levels of Electrons • Energy is the capacity to cause change • Potential energy is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure • The electrons of an atom differ in their amounts of potential energy • An electron’s state of potential energy is called its energy level, ...
Thermochemistry
... object (various types of molecular motion and the movement of electrons within molecules). Potential energy - energy available by virtue of an object’s position (determined by the attractive and repulsive forces at the atomic level) . It is impossible to measure all these contributions accurately, s ...
... object (various types of molecular motion and the movement of electrons within molecules). Potential energy - energy available by virtue of an object’s position (determined by the attractive and repulsive forces at the atomic level) . It is impossible to measure all these contributions accurately, s ...
1 SOLUTIONS
... Ø is the amount of substance that can be dissolved in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature. Ex: The solubility of NaCl at 20 o C is 36 g NaCl/100 g water Saturated Solution: Ø A solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given te ...
... Ø is the amount of substance that can be dissolved in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature. Ex: The solubility of NaCl at 20 o C is 36 g NaCl/100 g water Saturated Solution: Ø A solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given te ...
2014_S4_CHM_NORMAL (ALL)
... 53. Element X (atomic number 11) reacts with element Y (atomic number 16) to form an ionic compound. Each atom of X loses one electron and each atom of Y accepts two electrons to form a compound with formula X2Y. 54. Consider the following information: ...
... 53. Element X (atomic number 11) reacts with element Y (atomic number 16) to form an ionic compound. Each atom of X loses one electron and each atom of Y accepts two electrons to form a compound with formula X2Y. 54. Consider the following information: ...
2013-2014
... The solution becomes orange when dilute NaOH(aq) is added to the mixture. The solution becomes yellow when dilute H2SO4(aq) is added to the mixture. ...
... The solution becomes orange when dilute NaOH(aq) is added to the mixture. The solution becomes yellow when dilute H2SO4(aq) is added to the mixture. ...
Chapter 2 Geochemical Reactions
... A range of aqueous reactions involve the dissociation of ionic bonds and the formation and exchange of ions in solution. While often classified as acid-base reactions, they are more than this, ranging from simple acid dissociation reactions to mineral dissolution, ion hydration and formation of comp ...
... A range of aqueous reactions involve the dissociation of ionic bonds and the formation and exchange of ions in solution. While often classified as acid-base reactions, they are more than this, ranging from simple acid dissociation reactions to mineral dissolution, ion hydration and formation of comp ...
Tall: 1) The decomposition of CaCO3 is an endothermic process:
... A 1.00 mol sample of CO2 is heated to 1000K with excess graphite in a container of volume 40.0 L. At this temperature, Kc is 2.11x10-2 for the reaction: C(graphite) + CO2(g) 2 CO(g) a) b) ...
... A 1.00 mol sample of CO2 is heated to 1000K with excess graphite in a container of volume 40.0 L. At this temperature, Kc is 2.11x10-2 for the reaction: C(graphite) + CO2(g) 2 CO(g) a) b) ...
Properties of Solutions: Electrolytes and Non
... will get readings closer to 0 µS/cm. These four samples will usually have a small conductivity value due to dissolved carbon dioxide, which forms aqueous ions according to the equation: ...
... will get readings closer to 0 µS/cm. These four samples will usually have a small conductivity value due to dissolved carbon dioxide, which forms aqueous ions according to the equation: ...
Quantitative chemistry 1
... 1.2.2 Calculate the mass of one mole of a species from its formula. 1.2.3 Solve problems involving the relationship between the amount of substance in moles, mass and molar mass. 1.2.4 Distinguish between the terms empirical formula and molecular formula. 1.2.5 Determine the empirical formula from t ...
... 1.2.2 Calculate the mass of one mole of a species from its formula. 1.2.3 Solve problems involving the relationship between the amount of substance in moles, mass and molar mass. 1.2.4 Distinguish between the terms empirical formula and molecular formula. 1.2.5 Determine the empirical formula from t ...
Total Dissolved Solids
... will get readings closer to 0 µS/cm. These four samples will usually have a small conductivity value due to dissolved carbon dioxide, which forms aqueous ions according to the equation: H+(aq) + HCO3–(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) ...
... will get readings closer to 0 µS/cm. These four samples will usually have a small conductivity value due to dissolved carbon dioxide, which forms aqueous ions according to the equation: H+(aq) + HCO3–(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) ...
Part II - American Chemical Society
... c. XeF2 is nonpolar. Both Xe–F bond dipoles are the same size, but due to the linear geometry they offset each other. XeF4 is nonpolar. All Xe–F bond dipoles are the same size, but due to the square planar geometry they offset each other. XeO3 is polar. The Xe–O bond dipoles are the same size, and t ...
... c. XeF2 is nonpolar. Both Xe–F bond dipoles are the same size, but due to the linear geometry they offset each other. XeF4 is nonpolar. All Xe–F bond dipoles are the same size, but due to the square planar geometry they offset each other. XeO3 is polar. The Xe–O bond dipoles are the same size, and t ...
Heat of Solution for Aqueous Potassium Nitrate
... determine IS at 0.05 and 0.1 molals. We will then determine HDS at 0.05m and 0.01m as well as D, 0.05-0.10. Solvation of KNO3 is a strongly endothermic reaction. In fact, this reaction is so endothermic that it is employed in some "Cold Packs" that are used to treat minor injuries. When the "Pa ...
... determine IS at 0.05 and 0.1 molals. We will then determine HDS at 0.05m and 0.01m as well as D, 0.05-0.10. Solvation of KNO3 is a strongly endothermic reaction. In fact, this reaction is so endothermic that it is employed in some "Cold Packs" that are used to treat minor injuries. When the "Pa ...
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION (1995
... From these data, she can conclude that a) both Ba(IO 3 ) 2 and Mg(ClO3 ) 2 are insoluble in water. b) both PbCrO4 and Mg(ClO3 ) 2 are insoluble in water. c) Ba(IO 3 ) 2 , Pb(IO 3 ) 2 , and PbCrO4 are insoluble in water. d) all of Ba(IO 3 ) 2 , Mg(ClO 3 ) 2 , Pb(IO 3 ) 2 , PbCrO4 , and CaCrO 4 are in ...
... From these data, she can conclude that a) both Ba(IO 3 ) 2 and Mg(ClO3 ) 2 are insoluble in water. b) both PbCrO4 and Mg(ClO3 ) 2 are insoluble in water. c) Ba(IO 3 ) 2 , Pb(IO 3 ) 2 , and PbCrO4 are insoluble in water. d) all of Ba(IO 3 ) 2 , Mg(ClO 3 ) 2 , Pb(IO 3 ) 2 , PbCrO4 , and CaCrO 4 are in ...
Chapter 4
... I. The Chemical Composition of Aqueous Solutions A. Water is the most plentiful solvent on Earth and serves as the major medium for chemical analyses. B. Electrolytes – solutes that form ions when dissolved in water producing a solution with electrical conductivity. -Strong electrolytes ionized comp ...
... I. The Chemical Composition of Aqueous Solutions A. Water is the most plentiful solvent on Earth and serves as the major medium for chemical analyses. B. Electrolytes – solutes that form ions when dissolved in water producing a solution with electrical conductivity. -Strong electrolytes ionized comp ...
Electrolysis of water
Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) due to an electric current being passed through the water.This technique can be used to make hydrogen fuel (hydrogen gas) and breathable oxygen; though currently most industrial methods make hydrogen fuel from natural gas instead.