OCR Document
... - BOD: biological oxygen demand; incubate with micro-organisms, measure O2 level before and after Note: - last 3 measures arbitrary because not all organics dissolve with equal ease. - TOC measures all organic carbon - COD measures more easily oxidizable C such as alcohols or alkenes but leaves alka ...
... - BOD: biological oxygen demand; incubate with micro-organisms, measure O2 level before and after Note: - last 3 measures arbitrary because not all organics dissolve with equal ease. - TOC measures all organic carbon - COD measures more easily oxidizable C such as alcohols or alkenes but leaves alka ...
AP Stoichiometry
... 3. Divide each by the smallest number of moles to obtain the simplest whole number ratio. 4. If whole numbers are not obtained* in step 3), multiply through by the smallest number that will give all whole numbers * Be ...
... 3. Divide each by the smallest number of moles to obtain the simplest whole number ratio. 4. If whole numbers are not obtained* in step 3), multiply through by the smallest number that will give all whole numbers * Be ...
35 IChO Problems 1-13
... because it is formed continuously in the atmosphere as a product of nuclear reactions between nitrogen atoms and neutrons generated by cosmic rays. We assume that the rate of formation has remained constant for thousands of years and is equal to the rate of decay, hence the amount of 14C in the atmo ...
... because it is formed continuously in the atmosphere as a product of nuclear reactions between nitrogen atoms and neutrons generated by cosmic rays. We assume that the rate of formation has remained constant for thousands of years and is equal to the rate of decay, hence the amount of 14C in the atmo ...
Η - Knockhardy
... 25cm3 of 2.0M HCl was added to 25cm3 of 2.0M NaOH in an insulated beaker. The initial temperature of both solutions was 20°C. The reaction mixture was stirred to ensure mixing and the highest temperature reached by the solution was 33°C. Calculate the Molar Enthalpy of Neutralisation. Temperature ri ...
... 25cm3 of 2.0M HCl was added to 25cm3 of 2.0M NaOH in an insulated beaker. The initial temperature of both solutions was 20°C. The reaction mixture was stirred to ensure mixing and the highest temperature reached by the solution was 33°C. Calculate the Molar Enthalpy of Neutralisation. Temperature ri ...
KISS Notes
... Other metals, such as copper, react with oxygen very slowly and only if heated strongly. Some, like gold, will not react at all. ...
... Other metals, such as copper, react with oxygen very slowly and only if heated strongly. Some, like gold, will not react at all. ...
Document
... Which statement about kinetic energy (KE) is true? A.Atoms and molecules in gases, liquids and solids possess KE since they are in constant motion. B.At the same temperature, gases, liquids and solids all have different KE distributions. ...
... Which statement about kinetic energy (KE) is true? A.Atoms and molecules in gases, liquids and solids possess KE since they are in constant motion. B.At the same temperature, gases, liquids and solids all have different KE distributions. ...
The First Law of Thermodynamics
... As we can see, the reversible process produces the most work. Figure 3.2 shows graphically the work done for cases (b) and (c) in Example 3.1. In an irreversible process (Figure 3.2a), the amount of work done is given by P2 ðV2 V1 Þ, which is the area under the curve. For a reversible process, the ...
... As we can see, the reversible process produces the most work. Figure 3.2 shows graphically the work done for cases (b) and (c) in Example 3.1. In an irreversible process (Figure 3.2a), the amount of work done is given by P2 ðV2 V1 Þ, which is the area under the curve. For a reversible process, the ...
CHM203 - National Open University of Nigeria
... dipole-dipole interactions but it is weaker than a covalent bond. The strength of a hydrogen bond ranges from 10 to 40 kJ mol-1. Hydrogen bonding has an important influence on physical properties such as melting point, boiling point and solubility of substances. This will be illustrated using exampl ...
... dipole-dipole interactions but it is weaker than a covalent bond. The strength of a hydrogen bond ranges from 10 to 40 kJ mol-1. Hydrogen bonding has an important influence on physical properties such as melting point, boiling point and solubility of substances. This will be illustrated using exampl ...
IV Stoichiometry - s3.amazonaws.com
... Mass to mole conversions Stoichiometry is in mole ratios Most measurements are made in grams So, you need to be able to get from grams to moles and moles to grams • The atomic weight listed on the periodic table is listed without units. Why? ...
... Mass to mole conversions Stoichiometry is in mole ratios Most measurements are made in grams So, you need to be able to get from grams to moles and moles to grams • The atomic weight listed on the periodic table is listed without units. Why? ...
Overhead Notes Stoichiometry
... •If 2.47 moles of C2H2 are burned, how many moles of CO2 are formed? (4.94 mol) ...
... •If 2.47 moles of C2H2 are burned, how many moles of CO2 are formed? (4.94 mol) ...
Chapter 11 * Chemical Reactions
... • Combustion Reactions – These reactions will always produce heat. If the molecule reacting with the oxygen gas is a hydrocarbon, then the products will always be carbon carbon dioxide and ...
... • Combustion Reactions – These reactions will always produce heat. If the molecule reacting with the oxygen gas is a hydrocarbon, then the products will always be carbon carbon dioxide and ...
Objectives - hartman
... many important chemicals, such as aspirin, dyes, and disinfectants. One industrial method of preparing chlorobenzene is to react benzene, C6H6, with chlorine, as represented by the following equation. C6H6 (l) + Cl2(g) → C6H5Cl(l) + HCl(g) ...
... many important chemicals, such as aspirin, dyes, and disinfectants. One industrial method of preparing chlorobenzene is to react benzene, C6H6, with chlorine, as represented by the following equation. C6H6 (l) + Cl2(g) → C6H5Cl(l) + HCl(g) ...
National 5 - Deans Community High School
... In each of the following reactions, what might be seen that shows that a chemical reaction is taking place? (a) sodium reacting with chlorine to form sodium chloride (b) the burning of coal (c) magnesium reacting with dilute acid to form hydrogen ...
... In each of the following reactions, what might be seen that shows that a chemical reaction is taking place? (a) sodium reacting with chlorine to form sodium chloride (b) the burning of coal (c) magnesium reacting with dilute acid to form hydrogen ...
aq - Haverford Alchemy
... A 1.034-g sample of impure oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is dissolved in water and an acidbase indicator is added. The sample required 34.47 mL of 0.485 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point. What is the mass of oxalic acid and what is its mass percent in the ...
... A 1.034-g sample of impure oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is dissolved in water and an acidbase indicator is added. The sample required 34.47 mL of 0.485 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point. What is the mass of oxalic acid and what is its mass percent in the ...
18-19 SpontEnt
... Nature tends to move spontaneously from a state of lower probability to one of higher probability »!G.N. Lewis (Nobel Laureate) ...
... Nature tends to move spontaneously from a state of lower probability to one of higher probability »!G.N. Lewis (Nobel Laureate) ...
Section 1 Describing Chemical Reactions Chapter 8
... Solid aluminum carbide, Al4C3, reacts with water to produce methane gas and solid aluminum hydroxide. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. ...
... Solid aluminum carbide, Al4C3, reacts with water to produce methane gas and solid aluminum hydroxide. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. ...
by John Mu
... and shelter. As the cultural development of humans continued, they looked for a greater variety of materials to cater for their needs. The twentieth century saw an explosion in both the use of traditional materials and in the research for development of a wider range of materials to satisfy technolo ...
... and shelter. As the cultural development of humans continued, they looked for a greater variety of materials to cater for their needs. The twentieth century saw an explosion in both the use of traditional materials and in the research for development of a wider range of materials to satisfy technolo ...
SQA Advanced Higher Chemistry Unit 2 Principles of Chemical
... there in this sample of iron ore? How pure is this sample of anti-viral drug?) It is also critical for industrial chemistry. (How many tonnes of sulphuric acid and phosphate rock are required to manufacture this batch of fertiliser? What proportion of monomers are required to prepare this plastic?) ...
... there in this sample of iron ore? How pure is this sample of anti-viral drug?) It is also critical for industrial chemistry. (How many tonnes of sulphuric acid and phosphate rock are required to manufacture this batch of fertiliser? What proportion of monomers are required to prepare this plastic?) ...
General Equilibrium FR worksheet
... (b) Using the equilibrium concentrations given above, calculate the value of Kc, the equilibrium constant for the reaction. (c) Determine Kp in terms of Kc for this system. (d) When the system is cooled from 2,000 K to a lower temperature, 30.0 percent of the CO(g) is converted back to CO2(g). Calcu ...
... (b) Using the equilibrium concentrations given above, calculate the value of Kc, the equilibrium constant for the reaction. (c) Determine Kp in terms of Kc for this system. (d) When the system is cooled from 2,000 K to a lower temperature, 30.0 percent of the CO(g) is converted back to CO2(g). Calcu ...
Mole-mole factor
... Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield • Chemical reactions with two or more reactants will continue until one of the reactants is used up (consumed) • If one of the reactants is used up, the reaction will stop because there is not enough of the other reactant to react with it • Th ...
... Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield • Chemical reactions with two or more reactants will continue until one of the reactants is used up (consumed) • If one of the reactants is used up, the reaction will stop because there is not enough of the other reactant to react with it • Th ...
Bioorthogonal chemistry
The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.