03. The Theoretic bases of bioenergetics
... E a = activation energy R = 8.314 [ J · mol -1 · K -1 ] T = absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin A = pre-exponential or frequency factor A = p · Z, where Z is the collision rate and p is a steric factor. Z turns out to be only weakly dependant on temperature. Thus the frequency factor is a constan ...
... E a = activation energy R = 8.314 [ J · mol -1 · K -1 ] T = absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin A = pre-exponential or frequency factor A = p · Z, where Z is the collision rate and p is a steric factor. Z turns out to be only weakly dependant on temperature. Thus the frequency factor is a constan ...
Chemical Reactions
... Synthesis Reaction • Synthesis – 2 substances (reactants) combine to form a new substance (product). – Substances are either atoms (elements) or compounds in this case. ...
... Synthesis Reaction • Synthesis – 2 substances (reactants) combine to form a new substance (product). – Substances are either atoms (elements) or compounds in this case. ...
CHEMISTry is life - World of Teaching
... -Too often kids get to high school chemistry and they are scared before they even begin. -My goal is to shape a positive image in their minds about chemistry so that they can be more prepared mentally for high school. -I will do this by showing them how applicable chemistry is to every day life. It ...
... -Too often kids get to high school chemistry and they are scared before they even begin. -My goal is to shape a positive image in their minds about chemistry so that they can be more prepared mentally for high school. -I will do this by showing them how applicable chemistry is to every day life. It ...
Heat of reaction
... • The numerical value and the sign of the ΔH allows us to make informed decisions. • For several reactions a direct measurement can be done with a calorimeter. • Many times this is impossible or it is a time consuming task which makes it very hard. • Hess’s law allows us to manipulate equations for ...
... • The numerical value and the sign of the ΔH allows us to make informed decisions. • For several reactions a direct measurement can be done with a calorimeter. • Many times this is impossible or it is a time consuming task which makes it very hard. • Hess’s law allows us to manipulate equations for ...
+ H 2 O(g)
... First, the oxidation number of each atom have to be calculated and check if any of them changed. None of the oxidation numbers changes. CaO is a basic oxide as well as NH4+ is the protonated ammonia, then it can deliver H+ as an acid, then this reaction might be an acid base reaction. It occurs in h ...
... First, the oxidation number of each atom have to be calculated and check if any of them changed. None of the oxidation numbers changes. CaO is a basic oxide as well as NH4+ is the protonated ammonia, then it can deliver H+ as an acid, then this reaction might be an acid base reaction. It occurs in h ...
File
... is evidently true? A) The precision is poor, but the accuracy is excellent B) The precision is good, but the accuracy cannot be evaluated from the given information. C) The accuracy would be better if a more concentrated NaOH solution were used D) All three titrations have the same amount of error E ...
... is evidently true? A) The precision is poor, but the accuracy is excellent B) The precision is good, but the accuracy cannot be evaluated from the given information. C) The accuracy would be better if a more concentrated NaOH solution were used D) All three titrations have the same amount of error E ...
THERMOCHEMISTRY ENERGETICS/ENTHALPY
... All reactions require energy to break bonds in the reactants, and all reactions give off energy when new bonds are made to form the products. The difference in the energy required to break the bonds and to make the new bonds can tell you whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. It is possi ...
... All reactions require energy to break bonds in the reactants, and all reactions give off energy when new bonds are made to form the products. The difference in the energy required to break the bonds and to make the new bonds can tell you whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. It is possi ...
February 13, 2008
... A. At equilibrium, the total concentration of products equals the total concentration of reactants B. Equilibrium is the result of the cessation of all chemical change. C. There is only one set of equilibrium concentrations that equals the Kc value. D. The rate constant of the forward reaction is eq ...
... A. At equilibrium, the total concentration of products equals the total concentration of reactants B. Equilibrium is the result of the cessation of all chemical change. C. There is only one set of equilibrium concentrations that equals the Kc value. D. The rate constant of the forward reaction is eq ...
system = part of the universe that contains the reaction or process
... Initial Temperature of water = 21.0ºC Final Temperature of water = 25.5ºC ...
... Initial Temperature of water = 21.0ºC Final Temperature of water = 25.5ºC ...
Ch 19 test_take-home
... A) the reverse process is spontaneous but the forward process is not B) the forward and the reverse processes are both spontaneous C) the forward process is spontaneous but the reverse process is not D) the process is not spontaneous in either direction E) both forward and reverse processes have sto ...
... A) the reverse process is spontaneous but the forward process is not B) the forward and the reverse processes are both spontaneous C) the forward process is spontaneous but the reverse process is not D) the process is not spontaneous in either direction E) both forward and reverse processes have sto ...
Thermo Practice Test
... Which one of the following statements best describes the relationship between G and temperature? A) G is independent of T; B) G varies with T; C) G is a linear function of T; D) G usually decreases with T. Hydrogen bromide gas and chlorine gas react to produce hydrogen chloride gas and liquid o ...
... Which one of the following statements best describes the relationship between G and temperature? A) G is independent of T; B) G varies with T; C) G is a linear function of T; D) G usually decreases with T. Hydrogen bromide gas and chlorine gas react to produce hydrogen chloride gas and liquid o ...
physics - Keith E. Holbert
... rest mass energies (or equivalently the change in kinetic energies) of the particles: ...
... rest mass energies (or equivalently the change in kinetic energies) of the particles: ...
PP - Columbia University
... • 1) Water: 55 M (pure water) is considered the “unit” concentration instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when water participates in a reacti ...
... • 1) Water: 55 M (pure water) is considered the “unit” concentration instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when water participates in a reacti ...
Chemical Reactions
... Oxidation – A loss of electrons during a chemical reaction Reduction – a gain of electrons during a chemical reaction 2 Ca + O2 → 2 CaO Calcium is oxidized Oxygen is reduced ...
... Oxidation – A loss of electrons during a chemical reaction Reduction – a gain of electrons during a chemical reaction 2 Ca + O2 → 2 CaO Calcium is oxidized Oxygen is reduced ...
Practice Test Packet
... [D] 0.10 [E] none of these 18. The correct mathematical expression for finding the molar solubility (S) of Sn(OH) 2 is: [A] 2S3 = Ksp [B] 108S5 = Ksp [C] 2S2 = Ksp [D] 4S3 = Ksp [E] 8S3 = Ksp 19. A weak acid, HF, is in solution with dissolved sodium fluoride, NaF. If HCl is added, which ion will rea ...
... [D] 0.10 [E] none of these 18. The correct mathematical expression for finding the molar solubility (S) of Sn(OH) 2 is: [A] 2S3 = Ksp [B] 108S5 = Ksp [C] 2S2 = Ksp [D] 4S3 = Ksp [E] 8S3 = Ksp 19. A weak acid, HF, is in solution with dissolved sodium fluoride, NaF. If HCl is added, which ion will rea ...
Chemical Reactions
... The limiting reactant is the reactant that determines the maximum amount of product that is formed. The limiting reactant will be completely used up in a reaction. This makes the reaction stop. The other reactant will have some unchanged so it is said to be the excess reactant. For example, if you n ...
... The limiting reactant is the reactant that determines the maximum amount of product that is formed. The limiting reactant will be completely used up in a reaction. This makes the reaction stop. The other reactant will have some unchanged so it is said to be the excess reactant. For example, if you n ...
chp0-Intro
... Free radicals – molecular fragments containing an odd number of e(unpaired) – Bonding reqirements unsatisfied, react to form more stable state – Molecules are ‘teared apart’ via photodissociation ...
... Free radicals – molecular fragments containing an odd number of e(unpaired) – Bonding reqirements unsatisfied, react to form more stable state – Molecules are ‘teared apart’ via photodissociation ...
Methane - ARZELORIVAS IS
... This reaction has the following characteristic properties. It doesn't take place in the dark or at low temperatures. It occurs in the presence of ultraviolet light or at temperatures above 250oC. Once the reaction gets started, it continues after the light is turned off. The products of the ...
... This reaction has the following characteristic properties. It doesn't take place in the dark or at low temperatures. It occurs in the presence of ultraviolet light or at temperatures above 250oC. Once the reaction gets started, it continues after the light is turned off. The products of the ...
Bioorthogonal chemistry
The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.