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Basic interest rate and currency swap products
Basic interest rate and currency swap products

... • To generate the floating rate payments, we invest a floating rate bond of par value $N and use the floating rate interest earned to honor the floating leg payments. At maturity, $N remains but all the intermediate floating rate interests are forgone. “Assume forward rates will be realized” rule 1. ...
GASB Statement No. 72 – Fair Value Measurement and Application
GASB Statement No. 72 – Fair Value Measurement and Application

An Ingenious, Piecewise Linear Interpolation Algorithm for Pricing
An Ingenious, Piecewise Linear Interpolation Algorithm for Pricing

Automated Transactive Energy
Automated Transactive Energy

... physical and financial positions. Financial, hedge positions are cash-settled, perhaps based on an index of market clearing prices. Forward physical positions are compared to metered delivery and any differences are settled by real-time transactions. Figure 6 illustrates such a sequence of forward t ...
On estimating the risk-neutral and real
On estimating the risk-neutral and real

Report on the Secondary Market for RGGI CO 2 Allowances
Report on the Secondary Market for RGGI CO 2 Allowances

... contracts, Firm B will have a long position of 100 contracts, and the total open interest for the particular type of contract will be 100 contracts. Hence, the total open interest can be determined by summing across all of the long positions of market participants or by summing across all of the sho ...
PDF
PDF

... However, preliminary estimates of (2) found no significant relationship between yields and precipitation. Conversations with local agronomists indicated that this is to be expected as most orchards and vineyards are irrigated and excess rainfall does not appear to hamper fruit development and matura ...
Risk-neutral Density Extraction from Option Prices
Risk-neutral Density Extraction from Option Prices

A Closed-form Solution for Outperfomance Options with
A Closed-form Solution for Outperfomance Options with

Day Effects in Korean Stock Market
Day Effects in Korean Stock Market

... , where F, S, r, and d represent the index futures price, index cash price, riskless (risk free) interest rate, and dividend yield of the stock index over the remaining maturity. If this equality does not hold by some reason, arbitrageurs buy and sell the component of index and exploit the price dif ...
CHAPTER 13 Options on Futures
CHAPTER 13 Options on Futures

Capital Budgeting Decision Rules
Capital Budgeting Decision Rules

Capital Budgeting Decision Rules
Capital Budgeting Decision Rules

... straight-line basis and would have zero salvage. The machine can produce 10,000 widgets per year. Currently, widgets have a market price of $15, while the materials used to make a widget cost $4. Widget and raw material prices are both expected to increase with inflation, which is projected to be 4% ...
Fourier transform algorithms for pricing and hedging discretely
Fourier transform algorithms for pricing and hedging discretely

... Volatility is an important risk measure in managing vega exposure in a portfolio of assets. Also, one may view volatility as the underlying state variable in the asset class of variance products and volatility derivatives. For example, investors can trade on the spread between the realized and impli ...
Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 06:20:13 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 06:20:13 PM ) Total Marks: 1

... Which of the following type of price discrimination can be seen in any market where excess capacity needs to be eliminated? Select correct option: First degree discrimination Second degree discrimination Third degree discrimination Forth degree discrimination Reference: Second Degree Price Discrimin ...
1) If a bank manager chooses to hedge his portfolio of treasury
1) If a bank manager chooses to hedge his portfolio of treasury

The Link between Real Options and finance
The Link between Real Options and finance

... skills and a good information system. The implementation of a real options approach could be very valuable but at the same time is a challenging task. However it is very much in the spirit of real options to finish with a sobering quote from before the Enron debacle: “Enron President and Chief Opera ...
Options on Futures: The Exercise and Assignment
Options on Futures: The Exercise and Assignment

stochastic local volatility
stochastic local volatility

The reference book for Value at Risk on the Casualty Actuarial
The reference book for Value at Risk on the Casualty Actuarial

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Reporting of Derivative Instruments - NAIC I-Site

How volatile are East Asian stocks during high volatility periods?*
How volatile are East Asian stocks during high volatility periods?*

... assumed. Figure 2 shows the graph of the smoothed probability of being in a high volatility state. The shaded portion of the diagrams covers the start of the Asian crisis up to the end of the study’s sample period. The estimates seem reasonable as most of the coefficients are significantly different ...
Modification to the Trading Hours
Modification to the Trading Hours

... For regular options (OBX), the underlying Three-month Canadian bankers’ acceptance futures contract (BAX) is the futures contract that expires during the month in which the option expires. For serial mid-curve options (OBW), the underlying is the BAX contract that expires one year from the next quar ...
SLBE 5% Price Pref Explanation
SLBE 5% Price Pref Explanation

Demand-Based Option Pricing
Demand-Based Option Pricing

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Moneyness

In finance, moneyness is the relative position of the current price (or future price) of an underlying asset (e.g., a stock) with respect to the strike price of a derivative, most commonly a call option or a put option. Moneyness is firstly a three-fold classification: if the derivative would make money if it were to expire today, it is said to be in the money, while if it would not make money it is said to be out of the money, and if the current price and strike price are equal, it is said to be at the money. There are two slightly different definitions, according to whether one uses the current price (spot) or future price (forward), specified as ""at the money spot"" or ""at the money forward"", etc.This rough classification can be quantified by various definitions to express the moneyness as a number, measuring how far the asset is in the money or out of the money with respect to the strike – or conversely how far a strike is in or out of the money with respect to the spot (or forward) price of the asset. This quantified notion of moneyness is most importantly used in defining the relative volatility surface: the implied volatility in terms of moneyness, rather than absolute price. The most basic of these measures is simple moneyness, which is the ratio of spot (or forward) to strike, or the reciprocal, depending on convention. A particularly important measure of moneyness is the likelihood that the derivative will expire in the money, in the risk-neutral measure. It can be measured in percentage probability of expiring in the money, which is the forward value of a binary call option with the given strike,and is equal to the auxiliary N(d2) term in the Black–Scholes formula. This can also be measured in standard deviations, measuring how far above or below the strike price the current price is, in terms of volatility; this quantity is given by d2. Another closely related measure of moneyness is the Delta of a call or put option, which is often used by traders but actually equals N(d1), not N(d2), and there are others, with convention depending on market.
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