MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1 Regulates
... MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1 (MOR1) is a plant member of the highly conserved MAP215/Dis1 family of microtubuleassociated proteins. Prior studies with the temperature-sensitive mor1 mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which harbor single amino acid substitutions in an N-terminal HEAT repeat ...
... MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1 (MOR1) is a plant member of the highly conserved MAP215/Dis1 family of microtubuleassociated proteins. Prior studies with the temperature-sensitive mor1 mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which harbor single amino acid substitutions in an N-terminal HEAT repeat ...
A Long Twentieth Century of Review the Cell
... has a kinetochore located at its centromere, which is able to capture spindle microtubules. A stable configuration of chromosomes on the spindle is only achieved when one sister chromatid kinetochore becomes attached to microtubules emanating from one pole of the spindle, and the other sister chroma ...
... has a kinetochore located at its centromere, which is able to capture spindle microtubules. A stable configuration of chromosomes on the spindle is only achieved when one sister chromatid kinetochore becomes attached to microtubules emanating from one pole of the spindle, and the other sister chroma ...
CONDENSIN AND COHESIN: MORE THAN CHROMOSOME
... trans-acting factors that influence transcription. Recent studies have shown that either cohesin or condensin contributes to each of these levels of regulation, in part by influencing enhancers, silencers and insulators. Global and local gene repression. X-chromosome dosage compensation is a regulat ...
... trans-acting factors that influence transcription. Recent studies have shown that either cohesin or condensin contributes to each of these levels of regulation, in part by influencing enhancers, silencers and insulators. Global and local gene repression. X-chromosome dosage compensation is a regulat ...
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
... Meiosis I Metaphase I Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. The centromere of each pair becomes attached to one spindle fiber. ...
... Meiosis I Metaphase I Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. The centromere of each pair becomes attached to one spindle fiber. ...
Mitochondrial inheritance is mediated by microtubules in
... cell equator in the region of the cytokinetic cleavage furrow and depleted at the cell poles. Therefore, the homogenous distribution of mitochondria required for accurate stochastic inheritance was not maintained throughout division. Furthermore, disruption of the microtubules inhibited the enrichme ...
... cell equator in the region of the cytokinetic cleavage furrow and depleted at the cell poles. Therefore, the homogenous distribution of mitochondria required for accurate stochastic inheritance was not maintained throughout division. Furthermore, disruption of the microtubules inhibited the enrichme ...
Cdk1 regulates centrosome separation by restraining proteolysis of
... While these proteins are necessary for half-bridge integrity, it is unclear how this structure itself is assembled. The bridge is also the site of new SPB assembly and eventually tethers the duplicated SPBs. Spindle assembly is a cell cycle-regulated, multistep process. Yeast cells inherit one SPB, ...
... While these proteins are necessary for half-bridge integrity, it is unclear how this structure itself is assembled. The bridge is also the site of new SPB assembly and eventually tethers the duplicated SPBs. Spindle assembly is a cell cycle-regulated, multistep process. Yeast cells inherit one SPB, ...
A conditional mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana
... et al., 2007) and plant meiocytes (Liu and Makaroff, 2006). These results support the notion that separase activation at the onset of anaphase to disjoin chromatids is a widely conserved, if not ubiquitous, feature of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Not surprisingly for a process as fundamental as the se ...
... et al., 2007) and plant meiocytes (Liu and Makaroff, 2006). These results support the notion that separase activation at the onset of anaphase to disjoin chromatids is a widely conserved, if not ubiquitous, feature of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Not surprisingly for a process as fundamental as the se ...
pdf: Wu et al. 2010
... et al., 2007) and plant meiocytes (Liu and Makaroff, 2006). These results support the notion that separase activation at the onset of anaphase to disjoin chromatids is a widely conserved, if not ubiquitous, feature of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Not surprisingly for a process as fundamental as the se ...
... et al., 2007) and plant meiocytes (Liu and Makaroff, 2006). These results support the notion that separase activation at the onset of anaphase to disjoin chromatids is a widely conserved, if not ubiquitous, feature of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Not surprisingly for a process as fundamental as the se ...
TKRP125, a kinesin-related protein involved in the centrosome
... endosperm cells resulted in the disruption of phragmoplast microtubules that extended from the irradiated site. The phragmoplast in plasma membrane-permeabilized endosperm cells of Haemanthus incorporated exogenously applied tubulin at the equatorial region (Vantard et al., 1990), an indication that ...
... endosperm cells resulted in the disruption of phragmoplast microtubules that extended from the irradiated site. The phragmoplast in plasma membrane-permeabilized endosperm cells of Haemanthus incorporated exogenously applied tubulin at the equatorial region (Vantard et al., 1990), an indication that ...
C-Tubulin in Barley and Tobacco: Sequence Relationship and RNA
... perform its particular functions in multicellular land plants lacking centrosomes. In this context it should be noted that the flagellated unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas exhibited a different peptide. It will be very worthwhile to elucidate to what extent the differences in g-tubulin sequences ...
... perform its particular functions in multicellular land plants lacking centrosomes. In this context it should be noted that the flagellated unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas exhibited a different peptide. It will be very worthwhile to elucidate to what extent the differences in g-tubulin sequences ...
Examining the link between chromosomal instability and aneuploidy
... merotelic kinetochore attachment, but they do not inhibit the cell’s ability to eventually undergo anaphase with bipolar spindles. Thus, we used mitotic recovery from nocodazole or monastrol treatment as a strategy to increase the incidence of merotelic kinetochore attachments during mitosis in two ...
... merotelic kinetochore attachment, but they do not inhibit the cell’s ability to eventually undergo anaphase with bipolar spindles. Thus, we used mitotic recovery from nocodazole or monastrol treatment as a strategy to increase the incidence of merotelic kinetochore attachments during mitosis in two ...
The herpesvirus saimiri ORF73 gene product interacts with host
... (NLSs) in the N terminus (Hall et al., 2000b) but suggests that neither of them is capable of acting as a CBD (data not shown). Previous studies have also demonstrated that deletion of the central acidic domain resulted in a wild-type distribution of fluorescence (Hall et al., 2000b). Analysis of th ...
... (NLSs) in the N terminus (Hall et al., 2000b) but suggests that neither of them is capable of acting as a CBD (data not shown). Previous studies have also demonstrated that deletion of the central acidic domain resulted in a wild-type distribution of fluorescence (Hall et al., 2000b). Analysis of th ...
Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to
... restricted similarities with the mammalian Kip/Cip proteins. At the functional level, constitutive overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants of all KRPs tested so far can block both M and S phases, leading not only to growth retardation, including a reduction in cell number and organ size, but ...
... restricted similarities with the mammalian Kip/Cip proteins. At the functional level, constitutive overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants of all KRPs tested so far can block both M and S phases, leading not only to growth retardation, including a reduction in cell number and organ size, but ...
chromosomes
... In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism Cell division enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a single cell and, once fully grown, to renew, repair, or replace cells as needed Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cel ...
... In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism Cell division enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a single cell and, once fully grown, to renew, repair, or replace cells as needed Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cel ...
The interplay between chromosome stability and cell cycle control
... how the molecular mechanisms behind these cell cycle events are consistent with established molecular interaction maps. ...
... how the molecular mechanisms behind these cell cycle events are consistent with established molecular interaction maps. ...
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Multiple-Choice Questions
... 25) Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, taxol must affect A) the fibers ...
... 25) Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, taxol must affect A) the fibers ...
The TACC proteins: TACC-ling microtubule dynamics and
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
6.cellandnucleardivision
... Soon thereafter, one copy of the origin moves rapidly toward the other end of the cell. 2 Replication continues. One copy of the origin is now at each end of the cell. ...
... Soon thereafter, one copy of the origin moves rapidly toward the other end of the cell. 2 Replication continues. One copy of the origin is now at each end of the cell. ...
Calmodulin-binding protein disrupts mitosis
... of multiple cellular processes including the completion of DNA replication, reorganisation of the microtubular cytoskeleton to form a bipolar spindle and the accurate segregation of the chromosomes into the daughter nuclei. The highly conserved M phase-promoting cyclin dependent kinase Cdc2-cyclin B ...
... of multiple cellular processes including the completion of DNA replication, reorganisation of the microtubular cytoskeleton to form a bipolar spindle and the accurate segregation of the chromosomes into the daughter nuclei. The highly conserved M phase-promoting cyclin dependent kinase Cdc2-cyclin B ...
A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation
... coordinated replication and separation of cellular material into two newly formed daughter cells. The process is precisely regulated to ensure that each step completes faithfully before the next begins (1). Errors at any point can be catastrophic to the cell and in humans lead to numerous disease st ...
... coordinated replication and separation of cellular material into two newly formed daughter cells. The process is precisely regulated to ensure that each step completes faithfully before the next begins (1). Errors at any point can be catastrophic to the cell and in humans lead to numerous disease st ...
Cell Division
... Centromere – the area where each pair of chromatids is joined Centrioles – tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle Spindle – a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids ...
... Centromere – the area where each pair of chromatids is joined Centrioles – tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle Spindle – a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids ...
Regulation of the endothelial cell cycle by the ubiquitin
... is necessary for Securin degradation, an essential event for chromosomal separation.34 Furthermore, Cdc20 targets the mitotic cyclins during anaphase and regulates the stability of the kinase Nek2A, implicated in regulating centrosome structure at G2/M transition.35 During G2 phase, Cdc20 is bound a ...
... is necessary for Securin degradation, an essential event for chromosomal separation.34 Furthermore, Cdc20 targets the mitotic cyclins during anaphase and regulates the stability of the kinase Nek2A, implicated in regulating centrosome structure at G2/M transition.35 During G2 phase, Cdc20 is bound a ...
Centromeres: An Integrated Protein/DNA Complex
... The detailed analysis of such large DNAfragments has only recently been madepossible through the use of yeast artificial chromosomevectors (YACs, Burke et al 1987). The large repeated sequences present in pombecentromeres are unstable in E. coli and are lost or rearranged when maintained in a bacter ...
... The detailed analysis of such large DNAfragments has only recently been madepossible through the use of yeast artificial chromosomevectors (YACs, Burke et al 1987). The large repeated sequences present in pombecentromeres are unstable in E. coli and are lost or rearranged when maintained in a bacter ...
Mitosis Meiosis Study Guide
... important. CDKs are a family of multifunctional enzymes that can modify various protein substrates involved in cell cycle progression. Specifically, CDKs phosphorylate their substrates by transferring phosphate groups from ATP to specific stretches of amino acids in the substrates. Different types o ...
... important. CDKs are a family of multifunctional enzymes that can modify various protein substrates involved in cell cycle progression. Specifically, CDKs phosphorylate their substrates by transferring phosphate groups from ATP to specific stretches of amino acids in the substrates. Different types o ...
Document
... In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism Cell division enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a single cell and, once fully grown, to renew, repair, or replace cells as needed Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cel ...
... In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism Cell division enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a single cell and, once fully grown, to renew, repair, or replace cells as needed Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cel ...
Spindle checkpoint
During the process of cell division, the spindle checkpoint prevents separation of the duplicated chromosomes until each chromosome is properly attached to the spindle apparatus. In order to preserve the cell's identity and proper function, it is necessary to maintain the appropriate number of chromosomes after each cell division. An error in generating daughter cells with fewer or greater number of chromosomes than expected (a situation termed aneuploidy), may lead in best case to cell death, or alternatively it may generate catastrophic phenotypic results. Examples include: In cancer cells, aneuploidy is a frequent event, indicating that these cells present a defect in the machinery involved in chromosome segregation, as well as in the mechanism ensuring that segregation is correctly performed. In humans, Down syndrome appears in children carrying in their cells one extra copy of chromosome 21, as a result of a defect in chromosome segregation during meiosis in one of the progenitors. This defect will generate a gamete (spermatozoide or oocyte) with an extra chromosome 21. After fecundation, this gamete will generate an embryo with three copies of chromosome 21.The mechanisms verifying that all the requirements to pass to the next phase in the cell cycle have been fulfilled are called checkpoints. All along the cell cycle, there are different checkpoints. The checkpoint ensuring that chromosome segregation is correct is termed spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), spindle checkpoint or mitotic checkpoint. During mitosis or meiosis, the spindle checkpoint prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle. To achieve proper segregation, the two kinetochores on the sister chromatids must be attached to opposite spindle poles (bipolar orientation). Only this pattern of attachment will ensure that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome.