• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Mechanics of Futures Markets
Mechanics of Futures Markets

... Opening and Closing Futures Position An investor could instruct a broker to buy for exp. one October oil futures contract. There is period of time during the delivery month when delivery can be made. Trading usually ends some time during the delivery period. The party with the short position choose ...
The Effect of Futures Trading on the Underlying Volatility: Evidence
The Effect of Futures Trading on the Underlying Volatility: Evidence

... innovation of 1980’s. The first contract was the Chicago mercantile exchange S&P 500 futures, which begin trading in the US in April 1982. The futures contracts design spread to almost every financial futures market world wide- the Sydney Futures Exchange’s, Australian All Ordinary Share Price Index ...
on futures contracts
on futures contracts

... Figure 17.6 Gold Futures Prices ...
Primary Market Design: Direct Mechanisms And Markets
Primary Market Design: Direct Mechanisms And Markets

... employ bookbuilding methods to solicit indications of interest from investors. Like auctions, bookbuilding procedures can be interpreted as mechanisms designed to obtain information directly from investors, albeit with implicit rather than explicit pricing and allocation rules.1 Primary markets vary ...
Attracting Foreign Investment
Attracting Foreign Investment

...  An agreed conceptual model for the development of an integrated realtime network of the national securities markets within SADC  An agreed approach for the fulfillment of Project Thusanang’s ...
Estimating an Equilibrium Model of Limit Order Markets
Estimating an Equilibrium Model of Limit Order Markets

... taking it have a timing component however. A market order executes with an order that came before it. The active trader making the market order may have information newer to the market than information liquidity suppliers had when offering shares. If this information asymmetry fully characterized tr ...
ASX SPI 200 ASX MINI SPI 200
ASX SPI 200 ASX MINI SPI 200

... global indices2 among the top nine equity markets in the world. Among Asia Pacific stock markets it is third only to Japan in terms of free float market capitalisation3. ...
For Whom the Bell Tolls: The Demise of Exchange
For Whom the Bell Tolls: The Demise of Exchange

... after the success of the Revolution led to the issuance of tradable government obligations 3. One former SEC commissioner has noted that there are forces in addition to electronic trading that are spurring the upheaval at the exchanges: A dramatic shift in the economic and power structure of the sec ...
Information Asymmetry Surrounding Earnings and
Information Asymmetry Surrounding Earnings and

... positive for all the regressions, suggesting that firms with a positive earnings forecast error and a negative dividend forecast error on average have a higher change in bid-ask spread after announcements. As before, the timing of the announcement affects the extent of the reduction in information a ...
PR_material_embedded_0112
PR_material_embedded_0112

... materials, and marketing materials for investor products. Data were analysed from an early stage in the research process through comparison and re-comparison (Boeije, 2002). Themes were identified within interviews and across interviews; thematically clustered matrices (Miles and Huberman, 1994) wer ...
TRADING VOLUME TREND AS THE INVESTOR`S SENTIMENT
TRADING VOLUME TREND AS THE INVESTOR`S SENTIMENT

... Moreover, the coefficients of D_VOLUME among different stocks may vary according to different properties of stocks. In the second stage, these differences are going to be examined. For example, effects of the fundamental indicators such as liability ratios or size of the company etc. are likely to a ...
Proposed Amendments to National Instrument 23
Proposed Amendments to National Instrument 23

... In the 2014 Notice we indicated that the $0.0030 per share fee cap for securities priced at or above $1.00 was set at the same level as the cap set in the U.S. under Rule 610(c) of Regulation National Market System (NMS). We proposed this cap because it is an established benchmark that was created b ...
Market Design with Blockchain Technology
Market Design with Blockchain Technology

... liquidity, meaning that they need to find a party that is willing to take the other side of ...
PART V - Georgia College & State University
PART V - Georgia College & State University

... ownership of the underlying assets at the time the contract is initiated. A derivative represents an agreement to transfer ownership of underlying assets at a specific place, price, and time specified in the contract. Its value (or price) depends on the value of the underlying assets. The underlying ...
News Release Bats Welcomes New Issuer
News Release Bats Welcomes New Issuer

... KANSAS CITY and NEW YORK – July 11, 2017 – Bats, a CBOE Holdings, Inc. company, and a leading market for exchange-traded product (ETP) trading globally, today welcomed new issuer SportsETFs to the Bats ETF Marketplace with the launch of one fund. The Pro Sports Sponsors ETF (Bats: FANZ) seeks to pro ...
Stock Markets
Stock Markets

... • Operates as a broker-specialist market-maker system similar to NYSE Euronext • Pioneered exchange traded funds (ETFs) – ETFs are index funds that are listed on an exchange and can be traded intraday ...
Adverse Selection and Competitive Market Making
Adverse Selection and Competitive Market Making

... 3 Domowitz (1993) documents that approximately 35 nancial markets in 16 di erent countries use trading ...
Navn på forfattere
Navn på forfattere

... The focus in academic literature on the commodity futures markets has primarily been on relationships between spot and futures contract, and the relationship between futures contracts with different time to maturity. Research into other types of futures spreads, such as spreads between markets in th ...
10 Smart Questions Investors Should Be Asking
10 Smart Questions Investors Should Be Asking

... Be Asking About Smart Beta (contd.) ...
Does Gender and Age Affect Investor Performance and the
Does Gender and Age Affect Investor Performance and the

... (over 1000 days). As PGR-PLR analysis records observations only on days when a sale takes place, a total of about 800 thousand observations are employed under that methodology. Portfolio return is measured as an aggregate of different investor groups by an annual money weighted return (IRR). Such an ...
Prestigious Stock Exchanges - Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Prestigious Stock Exchanges - Federal Reserve Bank of New York

... of such variables does indeed suggest that U.S. markets have been losing ground. Indeed, studies have shown that the Eurobond market has become the world’s largest bond market in recent years (Peristiani 2007; Peristiani and Santos 2008). As for equity markets, the more competitive European and emer ...
Block trade reporting for OTC derivatives markets, January
Block trade reporting for OTC derivatives markets, January

... The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) requires the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to establish rules that provide for the real-time public reporting of swaps1 transactions, as well as exemptions to the ...
Liquidity Risk and Asset Pricing
Liquidity Risk and Asset Pricing

... However, they also face funding constraints and obtain financing by posting margins and pledging the securities they ...
Volume-Synchronized Probability of Informed Trading (VPIN
Volume-Synchronized Probability of Informed Trading (VPIN

... turned into the high-frequency era. Acting a crucial role in the provision of liquidity, high frequency trading (HFT) has drawn continuous attention on the research of market microstructure theory. While HFT does cultivate the booming of current financial markets, we cannot ignore the problems cause ...
Problems of Using Technical and Fractal Analysis on FOREX
Problems of Using Technical and Fractal Analysis on FOREX

... Figure 5 Level of using each kind of analysis by traders with different investment horizon. Each group of trader chooses such combination of the methods which is more useful and suitable for it. For intraday traders: 5% - technical analysis, 95% intuition; for short term traders: 5% - intuition, 10% ...
< 1 ... 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ... 39 >

High-frequency trading

High-frequency trading (HFT) is a type of algorithmic trading characterized by high speeds, high turnover rates, and high order-to-trade ratios that leverages high-frequency financial data[1] and electronic trading tools. While there is no single definition of HFT, among its key attributes are highly sophisticated algorithms, specialized order types, co-location, very short-term investment horizons, and high cancellation rates of orders. HFT can be viewed as a primary form of algorithmic trading in finance. Specifically, it is the use of sophisticated technological tools and computer algorithms to rapidly trade securities. HFT uses proprietary trading strategies carried out by computers to move in and out of positions in seconds or fractions of a second. It is estimated that as of 2009, HFT accounted for 60-73% of all US equity trading volume, with that number falling to approximately 50% in 2012.High-frequency traders move in and out of short-term positions at high volumes and high speeds aiming to capture sometimes a fraction of a cent in profit on every trade. HFT firms do not consume significant amounts of capital, accumulate positions or hold their portfolios overnight. As a result, HFT has a potential Sharpe ratio (a measure of reward to risk) tens of times higher than traditional buy-and-hold strategies. High-frequency traders typically compete against other HFTs, rather than long-term investors. HFT firms make up the low margins with incredibly high volumes of trades, frequently numbering in the millions.It has been argued that a core incentive in much of the technological development behind high-frequency trading is essentially front running, in which the varying delays in the propagation of orders is taken advantage of by those who have earlier access to information.A substantial body of research argues that HFT and electronic trading pose new types of challenges to the financial system. Algorithmic and high-frequency traders were both found to have contributed to volatility in the Flash Crash of May 6, 2010, when high-frequency liquidity providers rapidly withdrew from the market. Several European countries have proposed curtailing or banning HFT due to concerns about volatility. Other complaints against HFT include the argument that some HFT firms scrape profits from investors when index funds rebalance their portfolios.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report