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Volatility and Risk Management
Volatility and Risk Management

... and hedgers – are required for a viable futures market. Speculators have no cash market position. They simply trade futures contracts with the intent to make a profit by buying low and selling high in either order. However, the combined activities of speculators translate the vast and growing amount ...
Gideon I: the FTC equity strategy
Gideon I: the FTC equity strategy

... Gideon I: the FTC equity strategy The new long-short approach at work As promised, FTC’s trend-following fund-of-funds strategy has survived the crisis months on the world markets since 2008 much better in comparison with conventional equity funds. Since February 2009, FTC has been applying an addit ...
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Corporate Finance
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Corporate Finance

... • An efficient market is a market that reacts quickly and relatively accurately to new public information, which results in prices that are correct on average. • For markets to operate efficiently, four conditions must exist: 1. A large number of rational, profit-maximizing investors exist, who acti ...
Commodity markets (overview)
Commodity markets (overview)

... However, for commodity products, the cash and carry arbitrage is very difficult to put in place and the theoretical price is often an upper bound of the traded price. In practice, commodity futures trade often at a substantial discount to their fair value. This premium is referred to as the conveni ...
Technical Analysis in Financial Markets Griffioen, GAW
Technical Analysis in Financial Markets Griffioen, GAW

... William Peter Hamilton laid the foundation of the Dow Theory, the first theory of chart readers. The theory is based on editorials of Charles H. Dow when he was editor of the Wall Street Journal in the period 1889 - 1902. Robert Rhea popularized the idea in his 1930s market letters and his book "The ...
discussion
discussion

... U.S. large-cap stocks since 1926 has been about 11 percent, as reported by Ibbotson Associates. This long-run return, in excess of the time value of money (interest rates), is a reward for risk and represents the new societal wealth that is created by the investment of capital in plant and equipment ...
Automated Trading Desk and Price Prediction in High
Automated Trading Desk and Price Prediction in High

... be predicted. That, in effect, means that price movements in an efficient market are an inherently unpredictable random walk. (‘Efficiency’ is a model, not an empirical reality, but much of the time the US stock market seems reasonably efficient, in the sense that predicting prices or ‘beating the m ...
Bid-Ask Spreads in OTC Markets
Bid-Ask Spreads in OTC Markets

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Multi-Market Equilibrium, Trade, and the Law of One Price
Multi-Market Equilibrium, Trade, and the Law of One Price

... market at the relatively low prices where trading started. The sellers feigned indifference and acted like there was no hurry, and one seller even turned her back on the others for several seconds. These efforts were not successful in raising prices to the competitive levels.4 Sellers in the thick m ...
Discussion paper Transparency and liquidity
Discussion paper Transparency and liquidity

... The consequences of any Danish exemptions for trade in mortgage-credit bonds also depend on exemptions in other countries. This reflects the fact that the requirements for trade transparency for Danish mortgage-credit bonds depend on the requirements in the country in which the party with the public ...
stock comparison - MBA Projects
stock comparison - MBA Projects

... These exchange do not work of its own, rather, these are run by some persons and with the help of some persons and institution. All these are down as functionaries on stock exchange. These are 1. Stockbrokers 2. sub-broker ...
Does Pre-trade Transparency Affect the Market Quality in an Order
Does Pre-trade Transparency Affect the Market Quality in an Order

... inference of the true stock value. Second, each trader must change their optimal strategy in accordance with changes of other traders’ optimal strategies. Consequently, a new equilibrium is realized after the change of disclosure rules. Mixed evidence pertains to the effect of change for disclosure ...
View this brochure
View this brochure

... convertible bonds and other derivatives requires powerful and robust modeling capabilities. Institutions such as hedge funds, investment banks and asset managers need sophisticated analysis that cover the full range of convertibles to support front and middle office requirements. Effective evaluatio ...
MARKET STRUCTURE AND INSIDER TRADING
MARKET STRUCTURE AND INSIDER TRADING

... Keywords: Insider Trading, Stock prices, Correlated signals, Kyle model JEL Classification: G14, D82 1. Introduction Competition has a profound effect on the transmission of information in market economies. This information plays a very important and natural role in influencing the price of securiti ...
EMH - Csulb.​edu
EMH - Csulb.​edu

... • Stock prices fully reflect all information from public and private sources • This implies that no group of investors should be able to consistently derive above-average riskadjusted rates of return • This assumes perfect markets in which all information is cost-free and available to everyone at th ...
CAPITAL MARKET MASTER PLAN - Securities and Exchange
CAPITAL MARKET MASTER PLAN - Securities and Exchange

... Issuers often lose interest in the transaction and seek alternative sources of funding Banks are able to convince issuers to take on loans rather than rely on bond issuance ...
Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts: Further
Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts: Further

... Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts: Further Considerations Returns Inwards and Returns Outwards A large number of firms return their goods to their suppliers (Returns Outwards). Also it is likely that through the course of the financial year that customers will return goods to your firm (Returns I ...
Stock Underwriting
Stock Underwriting

... Direct Offerings - Now Internet offering (or direct offering) is available ,through which the issuing company bypasses the underwriter and brokerage. - However , the web’s uses will be limited until the legal and regulatory issues are resolved. - Major Wall Street firm think that most corporation s ...
How Efficient Markets Undervalue Stocks: CAPM and ECMH under
How Efficient Markets Undervalue Stocks: CAPM and ECMH under

... statistically greater chance of doing so again in the next period.' In other words, although most fund managers don't beat the market's return, those who do seem to be able to beat it with some 7 As Professors Brealey and Myers put it, efficient market theory teaches that investors should "trust mar ...
designated market makers - The New York Stock Exchange
designated market makers - The New York Stock Exchange

... • DMMs are core liquidity providers – DMMs are dedicated market makers that provide liquidity in a given NYSE or NYSE MKT security by assuming risk and displaying quotes in the exchange limit order book. In 2015, DMMs accounted for about 12% of liquidity adding volume in NYSE-listed securities, on ...
Market liquidity and stress - Bank for International Settlements
Market liquidity and stress - Bank for International Settlements

... liquidity can evaporate even in highly developed financial markets, not least on the part of official authorities and risk managers, have no doubt contributed to a lingering sense of unease. What determines market liquidity under stress? Against this background, attempting to draw some lessons about ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... STP of Ready Market (T+2) In Pakistani capital market, STP is implemented to a great extent, however, there is still room for further improvement. Step by step activities performed during progression of a trading cycle is mention as under:  Buyers and Sellers of the securities are required to tran ...
Emerging Markets still High Flyers – Austria also on Long
Emerging Markets still High Flyers – Austria also on Long

... development of trading in the past few years ■ This is shown by the long-term trends that are not just short-lived tendencies ■ Austrian equities (higher growth), and also Canadian and Australian (commodity focus) are doing very well ■ Many established markets, especially the US, Great Britain and G ...
Trading Fees and Slow-Moving Capital - Search Faculty
Trading Fees and Slow-Moving Capital - Search Faculty

... the fee. Liquidity begets liquidity. Conceptually and qualitatively speaking, the endogenous stochastic process of the liquidity of securities is as important to investment and valuation as is the exogenous stochastic process of their future cash ‡ows. That is, when purchasing a security an investor ...
Tender offer approval
Tender offer approval

... trading on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (hereinafter "Tender Offer") PEGAS NONWOVENS SA announces that on 23 January 2017, the Polish supervisory authority, Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego, approved the Tender Offer that the Company submitted on 5 January 2017 in connection with its intention to delist its ...
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High-frequency trading

High-frequency trading (HFT) is a type of algorithmic trading characterized by high speeds, high turnover rates, and high order-to-trade ratios that leverages high-frequency financial data[1] and electronic trading tools. While there is no single definition of HFT, among its key attributes are highly sophisticated algorithms, specialized order types, co-location, very short-term investment horizons, and high cancellation rates of orders. HFT can be viewed as a primary form of algorithmic trading in finance. Specifically, it is the use of sophisticated technological tools and computer algorithms to rapidly trade securities. HFT uses proprietary trading strategies carried out by computers to move in and out of positions in seconds or fractions of a second. It is estimated that as of 2009, HFT accounted for 60-73% of all US equity trading volume, with that number falling to approximately 50% in 2012.High-frequency traders move in and out of short-term positions at high volumes and high speeds aiming to capture sometimes a fraction of a cent in profit on every trade. HFT firms do not consume significant amounts of capital, accumulate positions or hold their portfolios overnight. As a result, HFT has a potential Sharpe ratio (a measure of reward to risk) tens of times higher than traditional buy-and-hold strategies. High-frequency traders typically compete against other HFTs, rather than long-term investors. HFT firms make up the low margins with incredibly high volumes of trades, frequently numbering in the millions.It has been argued that a core incentive in much of the technological development behind high-frequency trading is essentially front running, in which the varying delays in the propagation of orders is taken advantage of by those who have earlier access to information.A substantial body of research argues that HFT and electronic trading pose new types of challenges to the financial system. Algorithmic and high-frequency traders were both found to have contributed to volatility in the Flash Crash of May 6, 2010, when high-frequency liquidity providers rapidly withdrew from the market. Several European countries have proposed curtailing or banning HFT due to concerns about volatility. Other complaints against HFT include the argument that some HFT firms scrape profits from investors when index funds rebalance their portfolios.
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