action potential
... “Information” travels within the nervous system primarily in the form of propagated electrical signals known as action potentials. An action potential occurs due to a rapid change in membrane polarity (depolarization followed by repolarization) Depolarization is due to the influx of sodium ion ...
... “Information” travels within the nervous system primarily in the form of propagated electrical signals known as action potentials. An action potential occurs due to a rapid change in membrane polarity (depolarization followed by repolarization) Depolarization is due to the influx of sodium ion ...
Reflex Arcs
... (optional step) Interneurons in the CNS (a reflex center) to Motor neurons to Effector ...
... (optional step) Interneurons in the CNS (a reflex center) to Motor neurons to Effector ...
Spinal Cord
... Visceral motor (autonomic) neurons Somatic motor neurons Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Visceral motor (autonomic) neurons Somatic motor neurons Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Smooth Muscle
... 3. The cartilage found within the respiratory system is this type of cartilage. 4. Hyaline cartilage is found in many articulations (joints) in the body (next page). ...
... 3. The cartilage found within the respiratory system is this type of cartilage. 4. Hyaline cartilage is found in many articulations (joints) in the body (next page). ...
Unit 4 Lecture 11 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... from the brain and spinal cord to all body parts. It is divided into the Somatic and the Autonomic Nervous Systems. Spinal Nerves Thirty-one pairs originate in the spinal cord and provide a two-way communication system between the spinal cord and the arms, legs, neck and trunk. They are grouped acco ...
... from the brain and spinal cord to all body parts. It is divided into the Somatic and the Autonomic Nervous Systems. Spinal Nerves Thirty-one pairs originate in the spinal cord and provide a two-way communication system between the spinal cord and the arms, legs, neck and trunk. They are grouped acco ...
Origin of Electrical Membrane Potential
... appreciated by examining the structure of a motor neuron, shown schematically in Figure 1-2a. The cell body, or soma, of the motor neuronawhere the nucleus residesais only about 20–30 µm in diameter in the case of motor neurons involved in the patellar reflex. The soma is only a small part of the neu ...
... appreciated by examining the structure of a motor neuron, shown schematically in Figure 1-2a. The cell body, or soma, of the motor neuronawhere the nucleus residesais only about 20–30 µm in diameter in the case of motor neurons involved in the patellar reflex. The soma is only a small part of the neu ...
Protection and Nourishment of the Brain
... resting potentials and ending in generation of action potentials. 5. Describe the effects of inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials on a postsynaptic neuron. 6. Discuss how nerve and glia cells respond to injuries. Specifically discuss chromatolysis, wallerian degeneration, axonal reactio ...
... resting potentials and ending in generation of action potentials. 5. Describe the effects of inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials on a postsynaptic neuron. 6. Discuss how nerve and glia cells respond to injuries. Specifically discuss chromatolysis, wallerian degeneration, axonal reactio ...
Telencephalon/Cerebral Cortex Thelencephalon consists of
... All other areas of the cortex that are not primary areas belong to association cortex. In human association cortex areas are larger than in other species. Association areas are involved in integration of various sensory information, comparison with previous experiences, in focusing the attention, an ...
... All other areas of the cortex that are not primary areas belong to association cortex. In human association cortex areas are larger than in other species. Association areas are involved in integration of various sensory information, comparison with previous experiences, in focusing the attention, an ...
5104_a2
... Prolactin released from the anterior pituitary lactotrophs promotes milk production; oxytocin released from posterior pituitary storage sites promotes contraction of myoepithelial cells and milk expulsion ...
... Prolactin released from the anterior pituitary lactotrophs promotes milk production; oxytocin released from posterior pituitary storage sites promotes contraction of myoepithelial cells and milk expulsion ...
File
... where the axon terminal of one neuron can transfer an impulse to another neuron (or cell) – The small space between cells is the synaptic cleft – Axon terminals contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitter ...
... where the axon terminal of one neuron can transfer an impulse to another neuron (or cell) – The small space between cells is the synaptic cleft – Axon terminals contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitter ...
LESION LOCALIZATION!
... When localizing lesions it is helpful to start with “big regions” first and then progressively narrow it down. This process can start with defining whether the lesion is in the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS or PNS). Then if it is within the CNS, localize it to the brain or spinal cord. C ...
... When localizing lesions it is helpful to start with “big regions” first and then progressively narrow it down. This process can start with defining whether the lesion is in the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS or PNS). Then if it is within the CNS, localize it to the brain or spinal cord. C ...
The Visual System: Higher Visual Processing
... convergent connections of lateral geniculate nucleus cells. Complex cells have large receptive fields without clear excitatory or inhibitory zones. They respond best to a moving edge of specific orientation and direction of motion. These direction selective neurons are powerful “motion detectors”. T ...
... convergent connections of lateral geniculate nucleus cells. Complex cells have large receptive fields without clear excitatory or inhibitory zones. They respond best to a moving edge of specific orientation and direction of motion. These direction selective neurons are powerful “motion detectors”. T ...
I:\Physio Psych\PSN.shw
... the neighboring ganglia above and below, thus forming the sympathetic chain. ‚ The axons that leave the spinal cord through the ventral root are part of the preganglionic neurons. Ú With one exception, all sympathetic preganglionic axon enter the ganglia of the sympathetic chain, Ú but not all of th ...
... the neighboring ganglia above and below, thus forming the sympathetic chain. ‚ The axons that leave the spinal cord through the ventral root are part of the preganglionic neurons. Ú With one exception, all sympathetic preganglionic axon enter the ganglia of the sympathetic chain, Ú but not all of th ...
The Human Nervous System
... linesstoring of communication between andessential from all parts the body, information and giving us the the brain and Dendrites or amazing ability of remain self-awareness, muscle tissue intact i.e. to consciousness. permit many important body functions. nerve endings The spinal cord is a complex ...
... linesstoring of communication between andessential from all parts the body, information and giving us the the brain and Dendrites or amazing ability of remain self-awareness, muscle tissue intact i.e. to consciousness. permit many important body functions. nerve endings The spinal cord is a complex ...
Pruning the brain: A baby`s method of fine-tuning
... The research focused on the dorsal raphe nucleus, which has long been a brain region of interest to drug abuse researchers, since nerve cells in this area connect to part of the dopamine reward system. Many of the pathways are rich in serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation. Even tho ...
... The research focused on the dorsal raphe nucleus, which has long been a brain region of interest to drug abuse researchers, since nerve cells in this area connect to part of the dopamine reward system. Many of the pathways are rich in serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation. Even tho ...
File
... • These knobs contain vesicles that contain neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that send information across the synapse to another neuron ...
... • These knobs contain vesicles that contain neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that send information across the synapse to another neuron ...
The Neuron - MsHughesPsychology
... “The role of the neuron (dendrites, axon, myelin sheath and axon terminals) as the primary cell involved in reception and transmission of information across the synapse (excluding details related to signal transduction).” ...
... “The role of the neuron (dendrites, axon, myelin sheath and axon terminals) as the primary cell involved in reception and transmission of information across the synapse (excluding details related to signal transduction).” ...
Gross Anatomy Lecture 1: Spinal Cord and Nerves I. Basic
... e. In cervical region, SC segment and vertebral level closely linked f. In lumbar region, they are far apart B. Gray and white matter 1. Gray matter: Central parts of cord contain the cell bodies a. Shape of gray matter has H or butterfly appearance – 3 parts i. Dorsal (posterior) horn: specialized ...
... e. In cervical region, SC segment and vertebral level closely linked f. In lumbar region, they are far apart B. Gray and white matter 1. Gray matter: Central parts of cord contain the cell bodies a. Shape of gray matter has H or butterfly appearance – 3 parts i. Dorsal (posterior) horn: specialized ...
Chapter 7: Nervous System
... 31 pairs of spinal nerves from the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. Named from the area the nerve arises (p 233). Dorsal and ventral rami: split in the spinal nerve just outside the vertebrae; carry both sensory and motor nerves like the spinal nerves. Dorsal rami: smaller, serve ...
... 31 pairs of spinal nerves from the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. Named from the area the nerve arises (p 233). Dorsal and ventral rami: split in the spinal nerve just outside the vertebrae; carry both sensory and motor nerves like the spinal nerves. Dorsal rami: smaller, serve ...
1335420782.
... 2. Cones. Are sensitive to colour but do not respond in dim light. This why at dusk we can no longer distinguish between colours but see objects as shades of grey THE BLIND SPOT; region where the nerve fibres leave the eye to enter the optic nerve, there are no light-sensitive cells. THE FOVEA OR YE ...
... 2. Cones. Are sensitive to colour but do not respond in dim light. This why at dusk we can no longer distinguish between colours but see objects as shades of grey THE BLIND SPOT; region where the nerve fibres leave the eye to enter the optic nerve, there are no light-sensitive cells. THE FOVEA OR YE ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy
... groups and specific spinal nerves or segments of the spinal cord. • Consistently abnormal reflex response may indicate damage to the nervous system or ...
... groups and specific spinal nerves or segments of the spinal cord. • Consistently abnormal reflex response may indicate damage to the nervous system or ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy Nervous System III Spinal Cord The
... groups and specific spinal nerves or segments of the spinal cord. • Consistently abnormal reflex response may indicate damage to the nervous system or ...
... groups and specific spinal nerves or segments of the spinal cord. • Consistently abnormal reflex response may indicate damage to the nervous system or ...
Document
... – Spinal nerves – Head and neck nerve plexuses – Thoracic nerve plexuses – Abdominopelvic nerve plexuses ...
... – Spinal nerves – Head and neck nerve plexuses – Thoracic nerve plexuses – Abdominopelvic nerve plexuses ...
Unit Three
... *association areas – analyze & interpret; provide memory, reasoning, verbalizing, judgment, & emotions *one cerebral hemisphere usually dominates for certain intellectual functions *short-term memory is probably electrical *long-term memory is probably encoded in patterns of synaptic connections ...
... *association areas – analyze & interpret; provide memory, reasoning, verbalizing, judgment, & emotions *one cerebral hemisphere usually dominates for certain intellectual functions *short-term memory is probably electrical *long-term memory is probably encoded in patterns of synaptic connections ...
Astrocyte
For the cell in the gastrointestinal tract, see Interstitial cell of Cajal.Astrocytes (Astro from Greek astron = star and cyte from Greek ""kyttaron"" = cell), also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. The proportion of astrocytes in the brain is not well defined. Depending on the counting technique used, studies have found that the astrocyte proportion varies by region and ranges from 20% to 40% of all glia. They perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier, provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, maintenance of extracellular ion balance, and a role in the repair and scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries.Research since the mid-1990s has shown that astrocytes propagate intercellular Ca2+ waves over long distances in response to stimulation, and, similar to neurons, release transmitters (called gliotransmitters) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Data suggest that astrocytes also signal to neurons through Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate. Such discoveries have made astrocytes an important area of research within the field of neuroscience.