Did sex chromosome turnover promote divergence of the major
... changes were polymorphic, it was difficult to imagine that such drastic changes could remain in the population long enough to become fixed, and were, therefore, thought to follow, rather than to induce speciation. Yet drastic chromosome changes do get fixed, if rarely. So there must be a route from ...
... changes were polymorphic, it was difficult to imagine that such drastic changes could remain in the population long enough to become fixed, and were, therefore, thought to follow, rather than to induce speciation. Yet drastic chromosome changes do get fixed, if rarely. So there must be a route from ...
Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection for Polymorphic Genes of
... that can be distinct both from positive selection and from neutral processes: deep coalescence times for gene genealogies, characteristic allele frequency spectra, with alleles maintained at intermediate frequencies, or even polymorphisms shared among species that predate their speciation (Key et al ...
... that can be distinct both from positive selection and from neutral processes: deep coalescence times for gene genealogies, characteristic allele frequency spectra, with alleles maintained at intermediate frequencies, or even polymorphisms shared among species that predate their speciation (Key et al ...
Julio`s MCB - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... the expression of Mfrn1. Mutagenesis of individual GATA-1 binding cis elements (GBE) demonstrated that at least two of the three GBE within this CRM are functionally required for GATA-mediated transcription of Mfrn1. Furthermore, ChIP assays demonstrate switching from GATA-2 to GATA-1 at these eleme ...
... the expression of Mfrn1. Mutagenesis of individual GATA-1 binding cis elements (GBE) demonstrated that at least two of the three GBE within this CRM are functionally required for GATA-mediated transcription of Mfrn1. Furthermore, ChIP assays demonstrate switching from GATA-2 to GATA-1 at these eleme ...
Bot-genetics basis of inheritance
... Gene - It is a particular segment of DNA which is responsible for the inheritance and expression of that characterwhich carries information from one generation to next , Gene is equivalent to mendelian factor.. Homologous chromosomes - The morphologically and structurally similar chromosomes pre ...
... Gene - It is a particular segment of DNA which is responsible for the inheritance and expression of that characterwhich carries information from one generation to next , Gene is equivalent to mendelian factor.. Homologous chromosomes - The morphologically and structurally similar chromosomes pre ...
Making Headway: The Roles of Hox Genes and Neural
... specifying segmental identity in the developing hindbrain. The Hox gene family comprises a set of developmentally regulated transcription factors that are characterized by a conserved DNA binding motif called the homeobox. Hox genes are organized into a single chromosomal cluster in invertebrates, i ...
... specifying segmental identity in the developing hindbrain. The Hox gene family comprises a set of developmentally regulated transcription factors that are characterized by a conserved DNA binding motif called the homeobox. Hox genes are organized into a single chromosomal cluster in invertebrates, i ...
Kinds and Rates of Human Heritable Mutations
... Heritable mutations have been detected by identifying electrophoretic variants of blood proteins. In addition, a combination of approaches has been used to estimate the mutation rate per nucleotide in genes coding for globin polypeptides, constituents of hemoglobin. These approaches to identifying m ...
... Heritable mutations have been detected by identifying electrophoretic variants of blood proteins. In addition, a combination of approaches has been used to estimate the mutation rate per nucleotide in genes coding for globin polypeptides, constituents of hemoglobin. These approaches to identifying m ...
Biological asymmetry and evolution
... “there is a real, common, causal link between bodily asymmetry and lowered IQ. Indeed, they are prepared to estimate that anything between 17 and 50 per cent of the variability in IQ is attributable to [the causes of higher fluctuating asymmetry]." ...
... “there is a real, common, causal link between bodily asymmetry and lowered IQ. Indeed, they are prepared to estimate that anything between 17 and 50 per cent of the variability in IQ is attributable to [the causes of higher fluctuating asymmetry]." ...
Genetics PowerPoint - Lewiston School District
... Alleles: The variation of genes for a trait. The alleles for the color of a pea are referred to as G: green and Y: yellow. The green parent received 2 green alleles The yellow parent received 2 yellow alleles In this example each parent gives their offspring a copy of one of their alleles. Depending ...
... Alleles: The variation of genes for a trait. The alleles for the color of a pea are referred to as G: green and Y: yellow. The green parent received 2 green alleles The yellow parent received 2 yellow alleles In this example each parent gives their offspring a copy of one of their alleles. Depending ...
Environmental Microbiology
... certain circumstances and is important in niche adaptation, including immune evasion. Phase variation occurs at a high frequency of > 10−5 switches per cell per generation (Henderson et al., 1999) and can result in reversible ON or OFF switching of traits or in the variation of surface phenotypes. P ...
... certain circumstances and is important in niche adaptation, including immune evasion. Phase variation occurs at a high frequency of > 10−5 switches per cell per generation (Henderson et al., 1999) and can result in reversible ON or OFF switching of traits or in the variation of surface phenotypes. P ...
Report Number of Nuclear Divisions in the Drosophila Blastoderm
... (D) Wild-type and X161 embryos stained for String and Twine proteins. The inset shows Slam and DNA staining to indicate the progression of cellularization. ...
... (D) Wild-type and X161 embryos stained for String and Twine proteins. The inset shows Slam and DNA staining to indicate the progression of cellularization. ...
From DNA to diversity: molecular genetics and the evolution of
... biology, ultimately reduced to elegant genetic switches that determined the on/off state of groups of genes. This success laid the foundation for understanding the regulation of genes in different cell types of multicellular organisms and, in turn, the regulation of genes in space and over time duri ...
... biology, ultimately reduced to elegant genetic switches that determined the on/off state of groups of genes. This success laid the foundation for understanding the regulation of genes in different cell types of multicellular organisms and, in turn, the regulation of genes in space and over time duri ...
Acanthamoeba mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences: inferred
... with the large majority of AK cases. This genotype encompasses at least five species that have been differentiated largely on the basis of morphology. However, because it is generally agreed that morphology alone is unreliable for classification of this organism, there is a need for other markers th ...
... with the large majority of AK cases. This genotype encompasses at least five species that have been differentiated largely on the basis of morphology. However, because it is generally agreed that morphology alone is unreliable for classification of this organism, there is a need for other markers th ...
Expression analysis of Arc in mouse brain Theresa Köhler
... their species, e.g. rats and golden hamsters raising offspring of mice together with their own young post parturition (Lonstein & De Vries, 2000). So it can be concluded that the stimuli activating the parental behavior are found in different species. However, although many experiments have been per ...
... their species, e.g. rats and golden hamsters raising offspring of mice together with their own young post parturition (Lonstein & De Vries, 2000). So it can be concluded that the stimuli activating the parental behavior are found in different species. However, although many experiments have been per ...
Direct visualization of protein interactions in plant cells
... binds to and controls the activity of NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in the control of the innate immune system. Yeast twohybrid experiments revealed that NPR1/NIM1 interacts with members of the TGA family of bZIP transcription factors8–10. Some of these factors, such as TGA2 and TGA3, have ...
... binds to and controls the activity of NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in the control of the innate immune system. Yeast twohybrid experiments revealed that NPR1/NIM1 interacts with members of the TGA family of bZIP transcription factors8–10. Some of these factors, such as TGA2 and TGA3, have ...
SpliceCenter_DataBuild
... The transcripts in GenBank often contain exons not found in RefSeq transcripts. For this reason, the Gene database cannot use RefSeq or exon numbering. After all transcripts are added to a gene object, an exon number process is performed. Alternate promoter, poly(A), acceptor, or donor sites can cre ...
... The transcripts in GenBank often contain exons not found in RefSeq transcripts. For this reason, the Gene database cannot use RefSeq or exon numbering. After all transcripts are added to a gene object, an exon number process is performed. Alternate promoter, poly(A), acceptor, or donor sites can cre ...
The XTH Family of Enzymes Involved in Xyloglucan
... genome duplication and gene reshuffling (Blanc et al. 2000). For example, At-XTH28 located on chromosome I and AtXTH27 on chromosome II share one ancestral gene, while AtXTH16 on chromosome III and XTH15 on chromosome IV also share a common ancestor. The cluster of At-XTH14 and AtXTH23 on chromosome ...
... genome duplication and gene reshuffling (Blanc et al. 2000). For example, At-XTH28 located on chromosome I and AtXTH27 on chromosome II share one ancestral gene, while AtXTH16 on chromosome III and XTH15 on chromosome IV also share a common ancestor. The cluster of At-XTH14 and AtXTH23 on chromosome ...
CHAPTER 12 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance, Sex linkage
... grains are immature gametophytes (gamete-producing structures). (2) The pistil contains female gametophytes, and consists of a stigma (the surface to which pollen sticks), a style, down which the pollen tube grows, and an ovary at the base which contains the ovules. Each ovule contains a female game ...
... grains are immature gametophytes (gamete-producing structures). (2) The pistil contains female gametophytes, and consists of a stigma (the surface to which pollen sticks), a style, down which the pollen tube grows, and an ovary at the base which contains the ovules. Each ovule contains a female game ...
Sequenced Mitochondrial Genomes of Bryophytes
... Among bryophytes, the mitochondrial genome of Phaeoceros laevis is known to be the largest mitochondrial genome sequenced. It consists of 209482 bp with 3 rRNA genes, 21 tRNA genes, 30 protein codind genes along with 34 cis-spliced group II introns disrupting 16 protein genes. A total of 11 pseudoge ...
... Among bryophytes, the mitochondrial genome of Phaeoceros laevis is known to be the largest mitochondrial genome sequenced. It consists of 209482 bp with 3 rRNA genes, 21 tRNA genes, 30 protein codind genes along with 34 cis-spliced group II introns disrupting 16 protein genes. A total of 11 pseudoge ...
A family of human Y chromosomes has dispersed throughout
... recombination. The blue arch in the inverted organization indicates the sequences involved in the deletion. sY1191 and one copy of sY1206 lie in the deleted region, accounting for the sY1191-minus-only genotype. Interphase nuclei (from PD116) hybridized as above showed the patterns expected for a gr ...
... recombination. The blue arch in the inverted organization indicates the sequences involved in the deletion. sY1191 and one copy of sY1206 lie in the deleted region, accounting for the sY1191-minus-only genotype. Interphase nuclei (from PD116) hybridized as above showed the patterns expected for a gr ...
Wk12-DeanApop
... luciferase-linked reporter genes (Fig. 2A) • This involved cutting out pieces from the promoter until it no longer worked... ...
... luciferase-linked reporter genes (Fig. 2A) • This involved cutting out pieces from the promoter until it no longer worked... ...
Characterization and regulation of the bovine stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter
... of CLA to dairy cows can have effects on the desaturase ratio. For this reason we were interested in the effect that CLA would have on activation of the bovine Scd gene promoter. Mac-T cells were transfected with a number of luciferase reporter vectors under the control of varying lengths of the Scd g ...
... of CLA to dairy cows can have effects on the desaturase ratio. For this reason we were interested in the effect that CLA would have on activation of the bovine Scd gene promoter. Mac-T cells were transfected with a number of luciferase reporter vectors under the control of varying lengths of the Scd g ...
Antibodies Instructional Module
... two parts: the framework region and hypervariable region. The framework region is structurally similar. But most importantly, the hypervariable regions are extremely diverse, as the name indicates. This allows for the creation of a wide variety of antibodies, and in turn, allows the immune system to ...
... two parts: the framework region and hypervariable region. The framework region is structurally similar. But most importantly, the hypervariable regions are extremely diverse, as the name indicates. This allows for the creation of a wide variety of antibodies, and in turn, allows the immune system to ...
The structure of RNase E at the core of the RNA
... is coordinated at the intra-domain linker through a pair of cysteine residues in the conserved CPxCxGxG motif that occurs throughout the RNase E/RNase G family13 (Fig. S1). A similar motif is found in the metal coordinating sites of the bacterial chaperone DnaJ (PDB entry 1EXK), where a single zinc ...
... is coordinated at the intra-domain linker through a pair of cysteine residues in the conserved CPxCxGxG motif that occurs throughout the RNase E/RNase G family13 (Fig. S1). A similar motif is found in the metal coordinating sites of the bacterial chaperone DnaJ (PDB entry 1EXK), where a single zinc ...
Genome Evolution Due to Allopolyploidization in Wheat
... However, its effect on homeologous pairing in bread wheat itself might not be indispensible as plants deficient for this gene exhibit relatively little homeologous pairing. This is evidenced from the small number of multivalents (less than one per cell), resulting from intergenomic pairing in these p ...
... However, its effect on homeologous pairing in bread wheat itself might not be indispensible as plants deficient for this gene exhibit relatively little homeologous pairing. This is evidenced from the small number of multivalents (less than one per cell), resulting from intergenomic pairing in these p ...
A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single
... We describe a new computer program, SnpEff, for rapidly categorizing the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variants such as multiple nucleotide polymorphism (MNPs) and insertion-deletions (InDels), in whole genome sequences. Once a genome is sequenced, the SnpEff program ca ...
... We describe a new computer program, SnpEff, for rapidly categorizing the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variants such as multiple nucleotide polymorphism (MNPs) and insertion-deletions (InDels), in whole genome sequences. Once a genome is sequenced, the SnpEff program ca ...