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Modeling the Active versus Passive Debate
Modeling the Active versus Passive Debate

... observed. The least obvious factor would be rebalancing of the entire portfolio every time a new position is taken. Indeed, rebalancing adds tremendous profitability; the more frequent the better. In this study, however, there was no rebalancing involved in either strategy. New positions would have ...
Simplified stock markets described by number operators
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Derivatives Markets for Home Prices
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... he remarked on the multitude of tricks that econometricians use to get the results they want, and what they sometimes seem to want is just to come up with a different result. . Hedonic variables can come into significance in a regression for spurious reasons. For example, it has been reported that ...
The Cross-Section of Expected Trading Activity
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... analysts instead of higher analyst coverage causing more active trading. We address this issue by examining a simultaneous equation system. Estimation of this system preserves our results on the determinants of trading activity other than analyst following. However, there is no evidence that, after ...
David Gray Remarks CBOE Update OIC Conference, Miami, Florida
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... funds and closed-end funds that use exchange-listed options for portfolio management. I’d like to share two of the main highlights from the study: 1) The number of funds using options grew sharply over the last fifteen years -- from 10 in 2000 to 119 in 2014. And those 119 funds have an aggregate va ...
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PPT - OptiRisk Systems

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(the “Stock Exchange”) take no responsi

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Market Segmentation, Information Asymmetry
Market Segmentation, Information Asymmetry

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Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts: Further
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... Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts: Further Considerations Returns Inwards and Returns Outwards A large number of firms return their goods to their suppliers (Returns Outwards). Also it is likely that through the course of the financial year that customers will return goods to your firm (Returns I ...
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... oilseeds category, which are covered under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, along with wheat and sugar. Each of these will potentially place constraints on market participants in their transactions on the spot commodity. The two non-agricultural commodities are crude oil and gold, where there ar ...
partition-dependent framing effects in lab and field prediction markets
partition-dependent framing effects in lab and field prediction markets

Technical Analysis - SelectedWorks
Technical Analysis - SelectedWorks

... “Nevertheless, because they carried out more winning than losing trades overall, the traders were still profitable—earning more than $1.4 million in intraday trading profits over a 68-day trading period in a downward-trending market. The traders minimized their loss exposure by trading few shares, t ...
Do Technical Trading Rules Generate Profits?
Do Technical Trading Rules Generate Profits?

... years even if in the extremely long run their strategies make profits. Moreover, such long periods would be in contradiction with the study of Taylor and Allen (1992) referred to above, where it was shown that technical analysis was mainly used in the very short run. Second, and using the same line ...
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... Sentiment indicators can be used by investors to see how optimistic or pessimistic people are to current market conditions. For example, a consumer sentiment index that shows pessimism may make companies less likely to stock up on inventory because they may fear that consumers will not spend. ...
Master`s Thesis Volume and Volatility in the Icelandic
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... The Icelandic interbank market for foreign exchange was established May 28, 1993. From then on the exchange rate was determined by supply and demand of market participants for foreign currency whereas before it had been decided by the Central Bank. In 1995 capital movements between Iceland and other ...
Law Of One Price
Law Of One Price

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Buy Low Sell High - Sanlam Global Investment Solutions

... investment or represent the actual performance of SMR. Actual performance may be lower or higher than the values quoted herein. Investments with SMR are subject to market risks. Investments can go down as well as up as a result of changes in the value of the investments. There is no assurance or gua ...
THE CURRENT QUESTIONS OF REGULATING CAPITAL MARKETS
THE CURRENT QUESTIONS OF REGULATING CAPITAL MARKETS

... the United States, which paved the way for electronic trading and offered a real alternative to stock exchange based trading. (Wahal, 2011:6) Exchanges only gradually replaced trading floors full of brokers with more efficient electronic order matching engines, to which trading members could connect ...
Cyclical- en Astrological week analysis
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... taken into consideration, the arrangements are constantly different but the relationships are the same. In doing so periods of positive, negative and neutral cycles come together. Besides using cycle analysis and astrology I also use technical analysis, in particular the method of Joe Ross (especial ...
Monetary Policy, Private Information, and
Monetary Policy, Private Information, and

... funds into international stocks. The more that stock markets around the world move together, the smaller are the gains from diversification. Second, it is important to know whether the comovements are driven by rational responses to new information or by the over-reaction of one market to movements ...
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Algorithmic trading

Algorithmic trading, also called algo trading and blackbox trading, encompasses trading systems that are heavily reliant on complex mathematical formulas and high-speed, computer programs to determine trading strategies. These strategies use electronic platforms to enter trading orders with an algorithm which executes pre-programmed trading instructions accounting for a variety of variables such as timing, price, and volume. Algorithmic trading is widely used by investment banks, pension funds, mutual funds, and other buy-side (investor-driven) institutional traders, to divide large trades into several smaller trades to manage market impact and risk.Algorithmic trading may be used in any investment strategy or trading strategy, including market making, inter-market spreading, arbitrage, or pure speculation (including trend following). The investment decision and implementation may be augmented at any stage with algorithmic support or may operate completely automatically.Many types of algorithmic or automated trading activities can be described as high-frequency trading (HFT), which is a specialized form of algorithmic trading characterized by high turnover and high order-to-trade ratios. As a result, in February 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) formed a special working group that included academics and industry experts to advise the CFTC on how best to define HFT. HFT strategies utilize computers that make elaborate decisions to initiate orders based on information that is received electronically, before human traders are capable of processing the information they observe. Algorithmic trading and HFT have resulted in a dramatic change of the market microstructure, particularly in the way liquidity is provided.Profitability projections by the TABB Group, a financial services industry research firm, for the US equities HFT industry were US$1.3 billion before expenses for 2014, significantly down on the maximum of US$21 billion that the 300 securities firms and hedge funds that then specialized in this type of trading took in profits in 2008, which the authors had then called ""relatively small"" and ""surprisingly modest"" when compared to the market's overall trading volume. In March 2014, Virtu Financial, a high-frequency trading firm, reported that during five years the firm as a whole was profitable on 1,277 out of 1,278 trading days, losing money just one day, empirically demonstrating the law of large numbers benefit of trading thousands to millions of tiny, low-risk and low-edge trades every trading day.A third of all European Union and United States stock trades in 2006 were driven by automatic programs, or algorithms. As of 2009, studies suggested HFT firms accounted for 60-73% of all US equity trading volume, with that number falling to approximately 50% in 2012. In 2006, at the London Stock Exchange, over 40% of all orders were entered by algorithmic traders, with 60% predicted for 2007. American markets and European markets generally have a higher proportion of algorithmic trades than other markets, and estimates for 2008 range as high as an 80% proportion in some markets. Foreign exchange markets also have active algorithmic trading (about 25% of orders in 2006). Futures markets are considered fairly easy to integrate into algorithmic trading, with about 20% of options volume expected to be computer-generated by 2010. Bond markets are moving toward more access to algorithmic traders.Algorithmic trading and HFT have been the subject of much public debate since the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission said in reports that an algorithmic trade entered by a mutual fund company triggered a wave of selling that led to the 2010 Flash Crash. The same reports found HFT strategies may have contributed to subsequent volatility by rapidly pulling liquidity from the market. As a result of these events, the Dow Jones Industrial Average suffered its second largest intraday point swing ever to that date, though prices quickly recovered. (See List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.) A July, 2011 report by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), an international body of securities regulators, concluded that while ""algorithms and HFT technology have been used by market participants to manage their trading and risk, their usage was also clearly a contributing factor in the flash crash event of May 6, 2010."" However, other researchers have reached a different conclusion. One 2010 study found that HFT did not significantly alter trading inventory during the Flash Crash. Some algorithmic trading ahead of index fund rebalancing transfers profits from investors.
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