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Why Has Swedish Stock Market Volatility Increased?
Why Has Swedish Stock Market Volatility Increased?

... Events on financial markets have come to play an increasingly important role in media and public discussion. All big news media today have daily coverage of the latest developments at the stock markets. Sudden shifts in the value of the stock market and periods of higher than usual financial volatil ...
The Process of Portfolio Management
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... efficient markets hypothesis On a well-developed securities exchange, asset prices accurately reflect the tradeoff between relative risk and potential returns of a security – Efforts to identify undervalued securities will be essentially fruitless – Free lunches are difficult to find ...
The Causal Effects of Short-Selling Bans
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... it is not clear whether the estimated treatment effects documented in the existing literature are due to the implementation of the regulation or to differences between stocks, countries, or time periods. In this paper, we identify causal effects by exploiting exogenous variation in short-selling ban ...
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... Note 1. Basis of Presentation Morgan Group Holding Co. (“Holding” or “the Company”) was incorporated in November 2001 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of LICT Corporation (“LICT, formerly Lynch Interactive Corporation”) to serve, among other business purposes, as a holding company for LICT’s controlling ...
The relationship between board independence and stock price
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... independence and accounting-related variables such as ROA, ROE, Tobins Q and market-to-book ratios, the US literature has also iterated to examine the relationship between stock price returns and board composition.³ Given that the returns earned by investors in the shares of companies is actually in ...
Is Bitcoin a Security?
Is Bitcoin a Security?

... found to be, Bitcoin miners are either acquiring securities directly from the issuer, or those who purchase Bitcoins from them are acquiring securities directly from the issuer; transactions on the blockchain are publicly disclosed, even if the transacting parties are identified only anonymously; an ...
Affinity Investment Advisors, LLC
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CAPM in Market Overreaction Conditions: Evidence in Indonesia
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intermediate-financial-management-10th-edition
intermediate-financial-management-10th-edition

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Measuring the value of employee stock options

... and pays tax only at capital gains rates when he eventually sells that stock. To qualify for advantageous tax treatment, an option program must stay within several limits: (a) less than 12 million yen’s worth of stock can be purchased in a year by exercising options; (b) options can be exercised wit ...
American Funds IS Managed Risk Asset Allocation Fund
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... volatility as the value of these securities can change more rapidly and extremely than can the value of U.S. securities. Foreign securities are subject to increased issuer risk because foreign issuers may not experience the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers do and are held to different repor ...
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Equity Trading by Institutional Investors: To Cross or Not

... have resulted in a proliferation of market places and trading methods in the US equity market. The consequences of this development for the main functions of the market are complex and not yet well understood. A stated goal of all new trading arrangements is to reduce transactions costs. Current ac ...
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proyecto de escisión - Precio de Cementos Pacasmayo
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... their respective Chief Executive Officers to jointly make the adjustments and amendments to the Spin-off Project that they may deem necessary and to reschedule the date of entry into force of the Spin-off. Furthermore, the shareholders’ Meetings of the Participating Companies shall confer the necess ...
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What Makes the Bonding Stick?

... hypothesis and, more broadly, to assess the value of U.S. legal enforcement institutions for crosslisted firms, we find evidence that calls the legal bonding hypothesis into question. Successful bonding depends crucially on enforcement. Conventional wisdom from Bentham (1789) to Becker (1968) and b ...
PDF
PDF

Bubbles
Bubbles

How does investor sentiment affect stock market crises
How does investor sentiment affect stock market crises

... October 1987, for instance, remains enigmatic for researchers. During the crash, stock prices dropped an average of 22.6%, a decrease much larger than what can be explained by changes in economic variables (Black, 1988; Fama, 1989; Siegel, 1992). The view about the market "personality", the market b ...
returns on small cap growth stocks, or the lack
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Dividend Yield vs. Dividend Growth
Dividend Yield vs. Dividend Growth

... The hypothetical backtested performance does not represent the results of actual trading using client assets nor decision-making during the period and does not and is not intended to indicate the past performance or future performance of any account or investment strategy managed by OSAM. If actual ...
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Short (finance)



In finance, short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is the practice of selling securities or other financial instruments that are not currently owned, and subsequently repurchasing them (""covering""). In the event of an interim price decline, the short seller will profit, since the cost of (re)purchase will be less than the proceeds which were received upon the initial (short) sale. Conversely, the short position will be closed out at a loss in the event that the price of a shorted instrument should rise prior to repurchase. The potential loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited in the event of an unlimited rise in the price of the instrument, however in practice the short seller will be required to post margin or collateral to cover losses, and any inability to do so on a timely basis would cause its broker or counterparty to liquidate the position. In the securities markets, the seller generally must borrow the securities in order to effect delivery in the short sale. In some cases, the short seller must pay a fee to borrow the securities and must additionally reimburse the lender for cash returns the lender would have received had the securities not been loaned out.Short selling is most commonly done with instruments traded in public securities, futures or currency markets, due to the liquidity and real-time price dissemination characteristic of such markets and because the instruments defined within each class are fungible.In practical terms, going short can be considered the opposite of the conventional practice of ""going long"", whereby an investor profits from an increase in the price of the asset. Mathematically, the return from a short position is equivalent to that of owning (being ""long"") a negative amount of the instrument. A short sale may be motivated by a variety of objectives. Speculators may sell short in the hope of realizing a profit on an instrument which appears to be overvalued, just as long investors or speculators hope to profit from a rise in the price of an instrument which appears undervalued. Traders or fund managers may hedge a long position or a portfolio through one or more short positions.
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