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... Release of erythropoietin(红细胞生成素) & calcitriol(降钙素) Excretion of wastes & foreign substances Na+ sodium ions K+ potassium ions Ca+2 calcium ions Clchlorine ions ...
... Release of erythropoietin(红细胞生成素) & calcitriol(降钙素) Excretion of wastes & foreign substances Na+ sodium ions K+ potassium ions Ca+2 calcium ions Clchlorine ions ...
Abdomen Review Sheet
... b. What is the best way to access the kidney at the renal pelvis? Surgical access to the kidney is best via the lumbar trigone. The abdominal wall is thin at this point. Boundaries: posteriolateral edge of external oblique, anterolateral border of latissimus dorsi, superior aspect of iliac crest. c. ...
... b. What is the best way to access the kidney at the renal pelvis? Surgical access to the kidney is best via the lumbar trigone. The abdominal wall is thin at this point. Boundaries: posteriolateral edge of external oblique, anterolateral border of latissimus dorsi, superior aspect of iliac crest. c. ...
Abdomen Scan Protocol
... Right kidney – Use liver for acoustic window Left kidney – Use spleen for acoustic window With deep inspiration, hold it Measure the size for checking chronic renal failure ...
... Right kidney – Use liver for acoustic window Left kidney – Use spleen for acoustic window With deep inspiration, hold it Measure the size for checking chronic renal failure ...
Effects of Nephron Loss on Renal Excretory Mechanisms
... When GFR<50%, glomerular compensation by hyperfiltration will cause glomerulosclerosis and end-stage renal disease. This may be the "final common pathway" for CRF. This may also be the "trade-off" between adaptation and progressive renal failure. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and low prot ...
... When GFR<50%, glomerular compensation by hyperfiltration will cause glomerulosclerosis and end-stage renal disease. This may be the "final common pathway" for CRF. This may also be the "trade-off" between adaptation and progressive renal failure. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and low prot ...
The Urinary System
... The walls of the glomeruli prevent large substances (proteins and blood cells) from filtering into the capsule a. Protein and bloods cells normally do not appear in urine H. Renal tubule ...
... The walls of the glomeruli prevent large substances (proteins and blood cells) from filtering into the capsule a. Protein and bloods cells normally do not appear in urine H. Renal tubule ...
KIDNEY STONES - Chesapeake Urology
... symptoms at all while larger stones can be very painful. Very small stones may pass on their own or only cause mild discomfort. In these cases, increasing water intake will help flush the small stone out of the urinary system and only over-the-counter pain medication may be needed to help pass the s ...
... symptoms at all while larger stones can be very painful. Very small stones may pass on their own or only cause mild discomfort. In these cases, increasing water intake will help flush the small stone out of the urinary system and only over-the-counter pain medication may be needed to help pass the s ...
Kidney Homeostasis Summary
... more susceptible to internal and external stress. A normal body temperature for one person in one situation is not necessarily normal for all people in all situations. Metabolism varies from person to person, and therefore so does temperature. Body temperature can also vary with time, place, and act ...
... more susceptible to internal and external stress. A normal body temperature for one person in one situation is not necessarily normal for all people in all situations. Metabolism varies from person to person, and therefore so does temperature. Body temperature can also vary with time, place, and act ...
Developmental Anatomy 13
... From last day, a complete hypospadias may lead to misdiagnosis of sex which may have severe psychological repercussions for the future. A. Congenital anomalies of the kidney: The kidney develops at sacral levels and later the body wall grows faster and the kidney moves up into the abdomen. The kidne ...
... From last day, a complete hypospadias may lead to misdiagnosis of sex which may have severe psychological repercussions for the future. A. Congenital anomalies of the kidney: The kidney develops at sacral levels and later the body wall grows faster and the kidney moves up into the abdomen. The kidne ...
Urinary Interleukin-18 level as an Early Biomarker in Acute Kidney
... In group I, serum creatinine on admission ranged from (0.2- 0.5 mg/dl) the median value is 0.3 mg/dl , serum creatinine at 48h ranged from(0.2 -0.6 mg/ dl) the median value is 0.3 mg/ dl. While in group II, serum creatinine on admission ranged from (0.3- 0.9 mg/dl) the median value is 0.5 mg/dl , se ...
... In group I, serum creatinine on admission ranged from (0.2- 0.5 mg/dl) the median value is 0.3 mg/dl , serum creatinine at 48h ranged from(0.2 -0.6 mg/ dl) the median value is 0.3 mg/ dl. While in group II, serum creatinine on admission ranged from (0.3- 0.9 mg/dl) the median value is 0.5 mg/dl , se ...
Renal Physiology Part 3, ARF and CKD
... Involvement of other organ systems Impaired renal function causes pathologic changes in different secondary organ systems Cardiovascular system hypertension Bone disturbed vitamin D, parathyroid hormone metabolism changed Ca2+ metabolism Neuromuscular neuropathies by uremic toxins Blood An ...
... Involvement of other organ systems Impaired renal function causes pathologic changes in different secondary organ systems Cardiovascular system hypertension Bone disturbed vitamin D, parathyroid hormone metabolism changed Ca2+ metabolism Neuromuscular neuropathies by uremic toxins Blood An ...
Kidney Pathology MCQs
... A. are self-limiting and transient renal diseases B. are commonly associated with the nephrotic syndrome C. are most commonly seen in children D. have glomerular immune complex deposits E. occur most frequently following an infectious disease 23.A 12-year-old boy with septicemia develops hematuria, ...
... A. are self-limiting and transient renal diseases B. are commonly associated with the nephrotic syndrome C. are most commonly seen in children D. have glomerular immune complex deposits E. occur most frequently following an infectious disease 23.A 12-year-old boy with septicemia develops hematuria, ...
kidney_stones
... • Antibiotics are recommended at the time of the procedure when infected kidney stones (nephroliths) are treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a medical procedure in which the stone is broken up within the urinary tract using some type of energy or sound wave or are removed surgically • ...
... • Antibiotics are recommended at the time of the procedure when infected kidney stones (nephroliths) are treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a medical procedure in which the stone is broken up within the urinary tract using some type of energy or sound wave or are removed surgically • ...
Kidney Stones - Milliken Animal Clinic
... • Antibiotics are recommended at the time of the procedure when infected kidney stones (nephroliths) are treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a medical procedure in which the stone is broken up within the urinary tract using some type of energy or sound wave or are removed surgically • ...
... • Antibiotics are recommended at the time of the procedure when infected kidney stones (nephroliths) are treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a medical procedure in which the stone is broken up within the urinary tract using some type of energy or sound wave or are removed surgically • ...
URINARY SYSTEM I
... away. The fate of the circulation from this point will be continued later. At this point it will be noted that some cells within the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles, in addition to being of smooth muscle origin typical of other arterioles, also contain granules of renin. They are calle ...
... away. The fate of the circulation from this point will be continued later. At this point it will be noted that some cells within the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles, in addition to being of smooth muscle origin typical of other arterioles, also contain granules of renin. They are calle ...
3.Kidney, Ureter & Suprarenal gland
... The hilum transmits the renal vein, two branches of renal artery, ureter, and the third branch of renal artery from the front backward (V.A.U.A.) ...
... The hilum transmits the renal vein, two branches of renal artery, ureter, and the third branch of renal artery from the front backward (V.A.U.A.) ...
L1 - Kidney
... • The renal artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra. • Each renal artery divides into 5 segmental arteries that enter the hilum of the kidney, 4 in front and one behind the renal pelvis. • They are distributed to the different segments of the kidney. • Each seg ...
... • The renal artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra. • Each renal artery divides into 5 segmental arteries that enter the hilum of the kidney, 4 in front and one behind the renal pelvis. • They are distributed to the different segments of the kidney. • Each seg ...
Path Lecture 2: Disease of the Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra
... o Define: MOST COMMON category of chronic interstitial nephritis worldwide o Long-term phenacetin, aspirin, caffeine, phenacetin-acetaminophen, NSAIDs o Associated w/papillary necrosis o Clinical: HTN, renal insufficiency, papillary necrosis (gross hematuria & flank pain) o Kidneys slightly smaller ...
... o Define: MOST COMMON category of chronic interstitial nephritis worldwide o Long-term phenacetin, aspirin, caffeine, phenacetin-acetaminophen, NSAIDs o Associated w/papillary necrosis o Clinical: HTN, renal insufficiency, papillary necrosis (gross hematuria & flank pain) o Kidneys slightly smaller ...
Genitourinary Surgery - JATC Surgical Technology
... Umbilical vein and renal vein are ligated Renal arteries and adrenal arteries ligated Tumor , adrenal glands, ureters and unilateral lymph nodes are removed. Irrigated and inspected ...
... Umbilical vein and renal vein are ligated Renal arteries and adrenal arteries ligated Tumor , adrenal glands, ureters and unilateral lymph nodes are removed. Irrigated and inspected ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Clinical Evaluation of
... • In a “steady state” and when nonrenal factors have been eliminated from consideration, an increase of BUN or creatinine above normal implies that at least 75% of the nephrons are not functioning ...
... • In a “steady state” and when nonrenal factors have been eliminated from consideration, an increase of BUN or creatinine above normal implies that at least 75% of the nephrons are not functioning ...
CKD&ObstrUropathyPNAN,IfeJan2012
... lifetimes. Improved dialysis and transplantation techniques have significantly improved not only the mortality rate for these children but also their quality of life. ...
... lifetimes. Improved dialysis and transplantation techniques have significantly improved not only the mortality rate for these children but also their quality of life. ...
Urinay system - Pharmacy Fun
... Urinary Bladder The urinary bladder is a saccular organ for storage of urine ...
... Urinary Bladder The urinary bladder is a saccular organ for storage of urine ...
01-Anatomy of Kidney
... • The renal artery arises from the aorta at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. • Each renal artery divides into 5 segmental arteries that enter the hilum of the kidney, 4 in front of the renal pelvis and one behind it. • They are distributed to the different segments of the kidney. • Each segm ...
... • The renal artery arises from the aorta at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. • Each renal artery divides into 5 segmental arteries that enter the hilum of the kidney, 4 in front of the renal pelvis and one behind it. • They are distributed to the different segments of the kidney. • Each segm ...
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years. The symptoms of worsening kidney function are not specific, and might include feeling generally unwell and experiencing a reduced appetite. Often, chronic kidney disease is diagnosed as a result of screening of people known to be at risk of kidney problems, such as those with high blood pressure or diabetes and those with a blood relative with CKD. This disease may also be identified when it leads to one of its recognized complications, such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, or pericarditis. It is differentiated from acute kidney disease in that the reduction in kidney function must be present for over 3 months.Chronic kidney disease is identified by a blood test for creatinine, which is a breakdown product of muscle metabolism. Higher levels of creatinine indicate a lower glomerular filtration rate and as a result a decreased capability of the kidneys to excrete waste products. Creatinine levels may be normal in the early stages of CKD, and the condition is discovered if urinalysis (testing of a urine sample) shows the kidney is allowing the loss of protein or red blood cells into the urine. To fully investigate the underlying cause of kidney damage, various forms of medical imaging, blood tests, and sometimes a renal biopsy (removing a small sample of kidney tissue) are employed to find out if a reversible cause for the kidney malfunction is present.Recent professional guidelines classify the severity of CKD in five stages, with stage 1 being the mildest and usually causing few symptoms and stage 5 being a severe illness with poor life expectancy if untreated. Stage 5 CKD is often called end-stage kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, or end-stage kidney failure, and is largely synonymous with the now outdated terms chronic renal failure or chronic kidney failure; and usually means the patient requires renal replacement therapy, which may involve a form of dialysis, but ideally constitutes a kidney transplant.Screening of at-risk people is important because treatments exist that delay the progression of CKD. If an underlying cause of CKD, such as vasculitis, or obstructive nephropathy (blockage to the drainage system of the kidneys) is found, it may be treated directly to slow the damage. In more advanced stages, treatments may be required for anemia and renal bone disease (also called renal osteodystrophy, secondary hyperparathyroidism or chronic kidney disease - mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD)). Chronic kidney disease resulted in 956,000 deaths in 2013 up from 409,000 deaths in 1990.