Acquired characteristics - University of West Alabama
... ….variation among individuals in the population ….some of this variation is heritable ….variation in form leads to variation in survival. ...
... ….variation among individuals in the population ….some of this variation is heritable ….variation in form leads to variation in survival. ...
Adaptive Evolution
... traits that vary along a continuum These traits are polymorphic at genetic level but not at phenotypic level ...
... traits that vary along a continuum These traits are polymorphic at genetic level but not at phenotypic level ...
Natural Selection and Fitness
... Environmental Influence • Environmental plays a huge role on selective pressure. • Organisms adapt to their environment • Ex. Eye sockets in blind salamanders (Vestigial structures) ...
... Environmental Influence • Environmental plays a huge role on selective pressure. • Organisms adapt to their environment • Ex. Eye sockets in blind salamanders (Vestigial structures) ...
Natural Selection
... Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population This selection is done by the environment Those which are best suited reproduce They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young ...
... Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population This selection is done by the environment Those which are best suited reproduce They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young ...
Natural Selection
... The ability to survive AND reproduce Used to describe Natural and Sexual selection Survival of the Fittest Basic idea of evolution by natural selection The organisms that can survive and reproduce the most successfully pass on their adaptations ...
... The ability to survive AND reproduce Used to describe Natural and Sexual selection Survival of the Fittest Basic idea of evolution by natural selection The organisms that can survive and reproduce the most successfully pass on their adaptations ...
Natural Selection and Population Genetics Review
... intelligence--it is a measure of reproductive capacity: how many fertile offspring will an organism leave behind? ...
... intelligence--it is a measure of reproductive capacity: how many fertile offspring will an organism leave behind? ...
Natural Selection Or, how did we get here….
... Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population This selection is done by the environment Those which are best suited reproduce They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young ...
... Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population This selection is done by the environment Those which are best suited reproduce They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young ...
Natural Selection - Dave Brodbeck
... • Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population – This selection is done by the environment – Those which are best suited reproduce – They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young ...
... • Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population – This selection is done by the environment – Those which are best suited reproduce – They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young ...
The adaptive evolution of social traits
... Proposes a general framework to explain the evolution of behavioural traits that includes direct effects (i.e. effects on the direct fitness of the actor) and indirect effects (i.e. effects through the social partners, or receivers) Uses a “simple” population genetics model to describe the spread of ...
... Proposes a general framework to explain the evolution of behavioural traits that includes direct effects (i.e. effects on the direct fitness of the actor) and indirect effects (i.e. effects through the social partners, or receivers) Uses a “simple” population genetics model to describe the spread of ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
... • Found that every Galapagos island, and continent, had its own species ...
... • Found that every Galapagos island, and continent, had its own species ...
Altruism
... to offspring by their parents has such an obvious value for the parents’ own fitness that it actually hardly qualifies as altruism. But individuals have a genetic stake not only in their children, but also in their grandchildren, and indeed in all their relatives. This was already recognised by Darw ...
... to offspring by their parents has such an obvious value for the parents’ own fitness that it actually hardly qualifies as altruism. But individuals have a genetic stake not only in their children, but also in their grandchildren, and indeed in all their relatives. This was already recognised by Darw ...
The Evolution of Altruism
... fitness, and r is the degree of relatedness. In the case of two brothers, one brother will give his life for the other, if that sacrifice will more than double the representation of the other’s genes in the next generation (since r=½). This rule can also be applied to situations involving more than ...
... fitness, and r is the degree of relatedness. In the case of two brothers, one brother will give his life for the other, if that sacrifice will more than double the representation of the other’s genes in the next generation (since r=½). This rule can also be applied to situations involving more than ...
11ps2
... Make your written answers brief and show your quantitative reasoning, not just the answers. If you have difficulties email, or make an appointment to see me about them. If you have any problems with the problems shoot me an email or make an appointment. Kin selection and reproductive value 1. This p ...
... Make your written answers brief and show your quantitative reasoning, not just the answers. If you have difficulties email, or make an appointment to see me about them. If you have any problems with the problems shoot me an email or make an appointment. Kin selection and reproductive value 1. This p ...
The evolution of populations Change can be rapid
... beaked finches could eat were still available – The next year there was a drastic increase in large beaded finches. Selection Artificial selection: a breeder selects for desired characteristics such as for dogs Natural selection: environmental conditions determine which individuals in a population p ...
... beaked finches could eat were still available – The next year there was a drastic increase in large beaded finches. Selection Artificial selection: a breeder selects for desired characteristics such as for dogs Natural selection: environmental conditions determine which individuals in a population p ...
Biol 303 levels and types of selection
... for gene, which is the self replicating entity that persists through time. Genes go unchanged through generations, but individuals are unique - they die and their total phenotype, due to many loci, does not pass on exactly to their offspring. Gene & individual level selection are two ways of describ ...
... for gene, which is the self replicating entity that persists through time. Genes go unchanged through generations, but individuals are unique - they die and their total phenotype, due to many loci, does not pass on exactly to their offspring. Gene & individual level selection are two ways of describ ...
Natural Selection 2
... • Linked to mating behaviour in animals • Form of selection where some inherited characteristics are considered more desirable • Those possessing these characteristics are more successful at finding mates ...
... • Linked to mating behaviour in animals • Form of selection where some inherited characteristics are considered more desirable • Those possessing these characteristics are more successful at finding mates ...
Williams, S.S. (2007). Altruism of kin vs. non kin: Effects of costs of
... Non Kin Altruism: Problems ...
... Non Kin Altruism: Problems ...
Evidence of Evolution
... Natural Selection affects the Distribution of Phenotypes in 4 Ways! 1 – Stabilizing Selection 2 – Directional Selection 3 – Disruptive Selection 4 - Sexual Selection ...
... Natural Selection affects the Distribution of Phenotypes in 4 Ways! 1 – Stabilizing Selection 2 – Directional Selection 3 – Disruptive Selection 4 - Sexual Selection ...
chapter 1 - cloudfront.net
... SECTION 16-2 1. Is the following sentence true or false? Natural selection on single-gene traits cannot lead to changes in allele frequencies.____ 2. If a trait made an organism less likely to survive and reproduce, what would happen to the allele for that trait? _____________ ______________________ ...
... SECTION 16-2 1. Is the following sentence true or false? Natural selection on single-gene traits cannot lead to changes in allele frequencies.____ 2. If a trait made an organism less likely to survive and reproduce, what would happen to the allele for that trait? _____________ ______________________ ...
eandb-essay-1 15 kb eandb-essay
... process of heredity. Each individual gene will occur in several different forms called alleles and the type of allele relates to a physical trait of the organism, this shows clearly how natural selection is able to increase the abundance of a certain trait. Mutation and/or recombination can create n ...
... process of heredity. Each individual gene will occur in several different forms called alleles and the type of allele relates to a physical trait of the organism, this shows clearly how natural selection is able to increase the abundance of a certain trait. Mutation and/or recombination can create n ...
Confounding Factors for Hamilton`s Rule
... leading to the conclusion that “kin selection only works for rare genes,” one which Dawkins fails to address. This second argument relies on an important feature of Hamilton’s mathematical model: the treatment of fitness as a “conserved quantity.” The resources comprising fitness are presumed to ex ...
... leading to the conclusion that “kin selection only works for rare genes,” one which Dawkins fails to address. This second argument relies on an important feature of Hamilton’s mathematical model: the treatment of fitness as a “conserved quantity.” The resources comprising fitness are presumed to ex ...
Kin selection
Kin selection is the evolutionary strategy that favours the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction. Kin altruism is altruistic behaviour whose evolution is driven by kin selection. Kin selection is an instance of inclusive fitness, which combines the number of offspring produced with the number an individual can produce by supporting others, such as siblings.Charles Darwin discussed the concept of kin selection in his 1859 book, The Origin of Species, where he reflected on the puzzle of sterile social insects, such as honey bees, which leave reproduction to their sisters, arguing that a selection benefit to related organisms (the same ""stock"") would allow the evolution of a trait that confers the benefit but destroys an individual at the same time. R.A. Fisher in 1930 and J.B.S. Haldane in 1932 set out the mathematics of kin selection, with Haldane famously joking that he would willingly die for two brothers or eight cousins. In 1964, W.D. Hamilton popularised the concept and the major advance in the mathematical treatment of the phenomenon by George R. Price which has become known as ""Hamilton's rule"". In the same year John Maynard Smith used the actual term kin selection for the first time.According to Hamilton's rule, kin selection causes genes to increase in frequency when the genetic relatedness of a recipient to an actor multiplied by the benefit to the recipient is greater than the reproductive cost to the actor. The rule is difficult to test but a study of red squirrels in 2010 found that adoption of orphans by surrogate mothers in the wild occurred only when the conditions of Hamilton's rule were met. Hamilton proposed two mechanisms for kin selection: kin recognition, where individuals are able to identify their relatives, and viscous populations, where dispersal is rare enough for populations to be closely related. The viscous population mechanism makes kin selection and social cooperation possible in the absence of kin recognition. Nurture kinship, the treatment of individuals as kin when they live together, is sufficient for kin selection, given reasonable assumptions about dispersal rates. Kin selection is not the same thing as group selection, where natural selection acts on the group as a whole.In humans, altruism is more likely and on a larger scale with kin than with unrelated individuals; for example, humans give presents according to how closely related they are to the recipient. In other species, vervet monkeys use allomothering, where related females such as older sisters or grandmothers often care for young, according to their relatedness. The social shrimp Synalpheus regalis protects juveniles within highly related colonies.