Chapter 10: DIPLOIDY
... cell at fertilization. Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (n) as diploid - i.e. a haploid cell contains only one complete set of chromosomes. Haploid cells are found in various algae, various male bees, wasps and ants. Haploid cells should not be confused with monoploid cells as the m ...
... cell at fertilization. Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (n) as diploid - i.e. a haploid cell contains only one complete set of chromosomes. Haploid cells are found in various algae, various male bees, wasps and ants. Haploid cells should not be confused with monoploid cells as the m ...
Exam II Study Guide Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction cell cycle
... All of the processes that we discussed that are needed to “express” a gene can be regulated to either increase or decrease the expression of that gene, including transcription, RNA processing, and translation. Regulating transcription: regulatory proteins called transcription factors (which can be a ...
... All of the processes that we discussed that are needed to “express” a gene can be regulated to either increase or decrease the expression of that gene, including transcription, RNA processing, and translation. Regulating transcription: regulatory proteins called transcription factors (which can be a ...
Reproductive System Review
... 32. New individual - 1st 8 weeks _______________________ after 8 weeks _____________________ 33. Name the membranes which surround the embryo: _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Answer the following with one of the membranes: a. forms the placenta ...
... 32. New individual - 1st 8 weeks _______________________ after 8 weeks _____________________ 33. Name the membranes which surround the embryo: _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Answer the following with one of the membranes: a. forms the placenta ...
Human Genetics
... more likely to survive changing environments. Greater variation within the species makes a population better suited to adaptation to changes in the environment. ...
... more likely to survive changing environments. Greater variation within the species makes a population better suited to adaptation to changes in the environment. ...
Document
... portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with the corresponding chromatid, increasing genetic diversity. ...
... portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with the corresponding chromatid, increasing genetic diversity. ...
EXAM EXPECTATIONS MYP Biology
... STATE that cell division is necessary for proper development STATE that cell division is the basis for both sexual and asexual reproduction STATE that cell division can produce an entirely new organism STATE that cell division is necessary to continue life STATE the role of centromeres STATE that as ...
... STATE that cell division is necessary for proper development STATE that cell division is the basis for both sexual and asexual reproduction STATE that cell division can produce an entirely new organism STATE that cell division is necessary to continue life STATE the role of centromeres STATE that as ...
HEREDITY
... • Neither allele for a trait is dominant. • The phenotype produced is intermediate between the two homozygous parents. • Multiple alleles • More than two alleles that control a trait are called multiple alleles. • Traits controlled by multiple alleles produce more than three phenotypes. ...
... • Neither allele for a trait is dominant. • The phenotype produced is intermediate between the two homozygous parents. • Multiple alleles • More than two alleles that control a trait are called multiple alleles. • Traits controlled by multiple alleles produce more than three phenotypes. ...
GENETICS = Scientific study of inheritance
... Used _______________(asexual reproduction) and cross-fertilization methods (sexual reproduction) chose simple traits to follow (flower color, height, seed color, seed texture etc.) Trait = any ___________that can be passed from parents to their offspring Gene = genetic material on a ___________t ...
... Used _______________(asexual reproduction) and cross-fertilization methods (sexual reproduction) chose simple traits to follow (flower color, height, seed color, seed texture etc.) Trait = any ___________that can be passed from parents to their offspring Gene = genetic material on a ___________t ...
Biological Molecules
... sit on the tip of your thumb, was in fact, a new species. Finally, through genetic analysis it was confirmed to be an unknown species. The frog’s scientific name came from its narrow mouth (Microhyla) and the habitat where it was found, laterite—a rocky terrain of iron-rich, weathered soil. Examinin ...
... sit on the tip of your thumb, was in fact, a new species. Finally, through genetic analysis it was confirmed to be an unknown species. The frog’s scientific name came from its narrow mouth (Microhyla) and the habitat where it was found, laterite—a rocky terrain of iron-rich, weathered soil. Examinin ...
homework - terms: chapter 11
... 11. Discuss how meiosis explains Mendel’s results. 12. Explain how gene linkage can be used to create a chromosome map. 13. Define the term nondisjunction and discuss its various effects in regards to polyploidy. Chapter 11 – Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity 14. Describe human genetic disorder ...
... 11. Discuss how meiosis explains Mendel’s results. 12. Explain how gene linkage can be used to create a chromosome map. 13. Define the term nondisjunction and discuss its various effects in regards to polyploidy. Chapter 11 – Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity 14. Describe human genetic disorder ...
b, PKU
... _,L 8. The failure ofchromosomes to separate during meiosis is called a- nondisjunction, b. X-chromosomeinactivation. c- Tumer's syndrome. d- Dovm syndrome9. ...
... _,L 8. The failure ofchromosomes to separate during meiosis is called a- nondisjunction, b. X-chromosomeinactivation. c- Tumer's syndrome. d- Dovm syndrome9. ...
Feb. 11-12 Day 2: The Work of Gregor Mendel
... LAB: The Law of Probability Should this Dog be Called Spot Feb 19-20 Day 4: Exploring Mendel’s Genetics OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe how two-factor crosses illustrate the principle of independent assortment. 2. Describe the inheritance patterns that exist aside from simple dominance. 3. Explain how Mende ...
... LAB: The Law of Probability Should this Dog be Called Spot Feb 19-20 Day 4: Exploring Mendel’s Genetics OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe how two-factor crosses illustrate the principle of independent assortment. 2. Describe the inheritance patterns that exist aside from simple dominance. 3. Explain how Mende ...
Select one of your Biology instructors from another class and look
... WEEK 3 PROBLEMS Problems From Chapter 3 3.1 Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum) has a somatic chromosome number of 28, and rye (Secale cereale) has a somatic chromosome number of 14. Hybrids produced by crossing these cereal grasses are highly sterile and have many characteristics intermediate between t ...
... WEEK 3 PROBLEMS Problems From Chapter 3 3.1 Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum) has a somatic chromosome number of 28, and rye (Secale cereale) has a somatic chromosome number of 14. Hybrids produced by crossing these cereal grasses are highly sterile and have many characteristics intermediate between t ...
Human Genome Structure and Organization
... data. Study conclusions differ depending on how affected individuals entered the study. ...
... data. Study conclusions differ depending on how affected individuals entered the study. ...
Introduction to molecular biology
... first the sequences that are the most similar, toward the most different one. For this recontruction, we first need to identify the ...
... first the sequences that are the most similar, toward the most different one. For this recontruction, we first need to identify the ...
RG 7 (part 2) - Meiosis
... 19. Review the terms: inversion, deletion, translocation from Section 9.3. These chromosomal aberrations are generally the result of errors in crossing-over or homologous chromosome pairings. Section 8.4 – Genetics of Prokaryotes 1. Describe conjugation in bacteria. 2. Additional ways bacteria may t ...
... 19. Review the terms: inversion, deletion, translocation from Section 9.3. These chromosomal aberrations are generally the result of errors in crossing-over or homologous chromosome pairings. Section 8.4 – Genetics of Prokaryotes 1. Describe conjugation in bacteria. 2. Additional ways bacteria may t ...
Document
... sequence of DNA) • Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation Neutral mutations – neither harmful nor helpful to organism • Mutations can occur in 2 ways: chromosoma ...
... sequence of DNA) • Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation Neutral mutations – neither harmful nor helpful to organism • Mutations can occur in 2 ways: chromosoma ...
ACROSS 2 ______ evolution is the independent evolution of similar
... inhabiting the same geographic region from a single parent species, such that those populations become different species. Heterozygote ________ describes the case in which the heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygote dominant or homozygote recessive genotype. __ ...
... inhabiting the same geographic region from a single parent species, such that those populations become different species. Heterozygote ________ describes the case in which the heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygote dominant or homozygote recessive genotype. __ ...
Genetic Mapping in Drosophila melanogaster
... genetic studies. Drosophila has a diploid chromosome number of eight, or four pairs of homologous chromosomes numbered 1 - 4. Chromosome 1 is the X chromosome (sex chromosome) and is responsible for sex determination in the fruit fly. Females have two X chromosomes, but males have only one X and a m ...
... genetic studies. Drosophila has a diploid chromosome number of eight, or four pairs of homologous chromosomes numbered 1 - 4. Chromosome 1 is the X chromosome (sex chromosome) and is responsible for sex determination in the fruit fly. Females have two X chromosomes, but males have only one X and a m ...
Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
... 4 Polyploidy An individual with more than the correct number of chromosome sets (two for diploid species) is called ...
... 4 Polyploidy An individual with more than the correct number of chromosome sets (two for diploid species) is called ...
Click on What is a Gene? - Middletown Public Schools
... How did that single cell develop into a body with more than a trillion cells? _____________ ________________________________________________________________________ During cell division one cell turns into _________ and those two cells divide into _________ and those four cells divide into _________ ...
... How did that single cell develop into a body with more than a trillion cells? _____________ ________________________________________________________________________ During cell division one cell turns into _________ and those two cells divide into _________ and those four cells divide into _________ ...
If there are “CUES” listed within the question, please USE them and
... (CUES: crossing over, parental-type offspring, recombinant offspring, chromosome) 7) Use Figure 15.12 to explain non-disjunction. Chapter 16 1) Explain why, in DNA, T pairs only with A and not with C or G. (CUES: pyrimidine, purine, single-ring, double-ring, double helix, width, hydrogen bonds) 2) E ...
... (CUES: crossing over, parental-type offspring, recombinant offspring, chromosome) 7) Use Figure 15.12 to explain non-disjunction. Chapter 16 1) Explain why, in DNA, T pairs only with A and not with C or G. (CUES: pyrimidine, purine, single-ring, double-ring, double helix, width, hydrogen bonds) 2) E ...
Exam 4 Review KEY
... Genetic variation in populations arise by chance through mutation and recombination. Evolution is the changes in allele frequencies between generations. Speciation occurs gradually when populations become genetically isolated. 10.) What are the three mechanisms that preserve genetic diversity? Descr ...
... Genetic variation in populations arise by chance through mutation and recombination. Evolution is the changes in allele frequencies between generations. Speciation occurs gradually when populations become genetically isolated. 10.) What are the three mechanisms that preserve genetic diversity? Descr ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems
... 7. Genetic analysis of cancer cells shows that they are usually aneuploid (have more or fewer chromosomes than normal). In addition to dividing rapidly, they also very often have mutations which affect the checkpoints of the cell cycle. Suppose a cell acquires a mutation so that the checkpoint at th ...
... 7. Genetic analysis of cancer cells shows that they are usually aneuploid (have more or fewer chromosomes than normal). In addition to dividing rapidly, they also very often have mutations which affect the checkpoints of the cell cycle. Suppose a cell acquires a mutation so that the checkpoint at th ...
Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance
... offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg). Single-celled organisms can reproduce asexually by dividing in two. Each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent’s genes. For multicellular organisms (and many single-celled organisms), the offspring are not ge ...
... offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg). Single-celled organisms can reproduce asexually by dividing in two. Each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent’s genes. For multicellular organisms (and many single-celled organisms), the offspring are not ge ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.