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Chromosome Research, 8:319-334
Chromosome Research, 8:319-334

... (Nakagawa et al. 1996). To characterize them more precisely, we used WCP probes to determine the frequency of cells that retained the human chromosome. As shown in Table 1, a relatively high percentage of rearrangements was found in the hybrids containing human chromosomes 1, 9, 10, 12, 20, 22, or X ...
Recall Questions
Recall Questions

... Mosaicism can also arise from X-inactivation in a heterozygous female. *17. What is the difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy? How does each arise? In autopolyploidy, all sets of chromosomes are from the same species. Autopolyploids typically arise from mitotic nondisjunction of all t ...
Living Environment Quiz Review
Living Environment Quiz Review

... meiosis and fertilization usually leads to the production of gametes with many copies of the same chromosome embryos w ith traits identical to those of all other members of the species zygotes w ith the genetic information to produce only females offspring with some traits that did not appear in the ...
Homework: Karyotyping Activity
Homework: Karyotyping Activity

... The following are four case studies. Each karyotype is showing a certain genetic disorder. Analyze the karyotypes below to determine how they are different from normal human karyotypes and answer the questions that follow each. Case Study #1 – Dr. Wilson runs some tests and analyzes his patient’s k ...
(b).
(b).

... •  We  use  two  leaers  to  represent  the  genotype.  A  capital   leaer  represents  the  dominant  form  of  a  gene  (allele)  and   a  lowercase  leaer  is  the  abbrevia:on  for  the  recessive   form  of  the  gene  (allele). ...
Genetic Notes
Genetic Notes

... • He found two plants that were “pure-breds” or true-breeding of certain traits. • Those two plants were called the parent or “P” generation • Once he pollinated those two plants, he waited until seeds were produced, planted them and then observed what characteristics they had • The seeds from the p ...
Assignment Sheet
Assignment Sheet

... This disorder is caused by a single base substitution and results in an altered hemoglobin protein. This causes the red blood cells to sickle. They are sticky, do not carry oxygen as effectively and tend to form clots leading to painful episodes. This disorder must be inherited from both parents. A ...
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Meiosis Notes

... The diploid number of chromosomes is sometimes represented by the symbol 2N. For the fruit fly, the diploid number is 8, which can be written as 2N = 8, where N represents twice the number of chromosomes in a sperm or egg cell. These two sets of chromosomes are homologous, meaning that each of the f ...
Module 3: Cell Reproduction Guided Notes Lesson 3.00 Introduction
Module 3: Cell Reproduction Guided Notes Lesson 3.00 Introduction

... Diploid and Haploid Each species has a set number of chromosomes in its cells. Humans have _____chromosomes (2 sets of _____That makes 46 the _____number. The cells contain 2 _____sets of chromosomes, 23 from the _____and 23 from the _____ A _____is a cell used in sexual reproduction. (For humans it ...
Genetics webquest - Sciencelearn Hub
Genetics webquest - Sciencelearn Hub

... of the same gene that occupy the same location on a chromosome. At any given locus, there are 2 alleles (1 on each chromosome in the pair). In other words, you get 1 allele from your mother and 1 from your father. The 2 alleles might be the same or they might be different. Different alleles of a gen ...
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Classification

... Animals ...
Document
Document

... are linked together on the same chromosome and will sort into the same gamete. ...
Extending Mendel Student Notes
Extending Mendel Student Notes

... Genes that are adjacent and close to each other on the same chromosome tend to move as a unit; the probability that they will segregate as a unit is a function of the distance between them. ...
Chapter 8: Cell division: Mitosis
Chapter 8: Cell division: Mitosis

... !  A typical cell division is used –  for reproduction of single-celled organisms, –  growth of multicellular organisms from a fertilized egg into an adult, –  repair and replacement of cells ...
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS I. SYLLABUS A
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS I. SYLLABUS A

... b) Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann: The cell theory (all organisms are composed of basic units called cells which are derived from preexisting cells) c) Charles Darwin: The theory of natural selection (those organisms with heritable traits that better adapt them to their environment are bette ...
ADVANCES IN COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION
ADVANCES IN COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION

... mutation from each parent in both copies of a particular gene and develops a health condition. If the child inherits only one copy of the gene with the mutation, he/she will be a carrier of the condition but will not develop it. When 2 parents are carriers of the same mutation, their children have a ...
How to gain the benefits of sexual reproduction without paying the cost
How to gain the benefits of sexual reproduction without paying the cost

... ~10% male offspring instead of the expected 50%. The remaining 90% hermaphrodite offspring are nearly all outcrossed progeny (Fig. 1). This was revealed by a trick employed by the experimenters – although the males were wild type, the hermaphrodites used for mating were homozygous for a recessive mu ...
C:\BOB\HSC\Exams 05\Supps\Biology 3201 August 2005.wpd
C:\BOB\HSC\Exams 05\Supps\Biology 3201 August 2005.wpd

... Which type of selection is occurring when a reptile population lays either very large eggs or very small eggs? (A) (B) (C) (D) ...
1 EMC Publishing`s Biotechnology textbook correlated to the CA
1 EMC Publishing`s Biotechnology textbook correlated to the CA

... 2. Mutation and sexual reproduction lead to genetic variation in a population. As a basis for understanding this concept, students know: a. meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction in which the pairs of chromosomes separate and segregate randomly during cell division to produce gametes contai ...
Part 1
Part 1

... How would you explain Mendel’s results? (Can you reconcile what he observed with what we know about chromosomes and meiosis??) Create a hypothesis to explain his new results! ...
HGSS Chapters 11 & 12: Modern Gene Hunting (incomplete)
HGSS Chapters 11 & 12: Modern Gene Hunting (incomplete)

... We humans are diploid (i.e., we have two copies of a gene), inheriting one chromosome from mother, the other from father. In transmitting a chromosome to an offspring, however, the physical process of recombination (crossing over) results in a chromosome that contains part of the maternal chromosome ...
Genes
Genes

... Result from early duplication and division Are able to produce any other cell ...
NAME FINAL STUDY GUIDE What did Gregor Mendel use pea
NAME FINAL STUDY GUIDE What did Gregor Mendel use pea

... 51. In Figure 7, the chromosome labeled A has undergone what type of mutation? 52. In Figure 7, the chromosome labeled B has undergone what type of mutation. 53. During his voyage on the Beagle, where did Charles Darwin make most of his observations? 54. What is the name of the work that Charles Dar ...
WHAT WILL YOU KNOW? - Napa Valley College
WHAT WILL YOU KNOW? - Napa Valley College

... Result from early duplication and division Are able to produce any other cell Placenta Allows early genetic testing ...
Ch 26 Guided Reading Key
Ch 26 Guided Reading Key

... ½ pt – species M and N ½ pt – Justification - species with similar DNA will share a more recent common ancestor and will be most closely related. 7. Explain how base changes could occur in an organism’s DNA yet not affect the organism’s evolutionary fitness. 1 pt – wobble effect would allow changes ...
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Polyploid



Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.
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