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LMX2315/LMX2320/LMX2325 PLLatinum Frequency Synthesizer for RF Personal Communications LMX2325 2.5 GHz
LMX2315/LMX2320/LMX2325 PLLatinum Frequency Synthesizer for RF Personal Communications LMX2325 2.5 GHz

... Note 2: The power down function is gated by the charge pump to prevent unwanted frequency jumps. Once the power down pin is brought low the part will go into power down mode when the charge pump reaches a TRI-STATE condition. ...
MIT200 Series Digital/Analogue Insulation and Continuity Testers
MIT200 Series Digital/Analogue Insulation and Continuity Testers

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... We will use the letter i for the current variable. Historically, this is due the term intensity that had been used for this quantity, but we should not use this term any more, since it could be confused with other quantities with that name. We can now show the formal mathematical definition of curre ...
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... directions. Therefore, theoretically no current should flow in the external circuit. But in practice, a very small current of the order of a few microamperes flows under reverse bias. Electron forming covalent bonds of the semiconductor atoms in the P and N-type regions may absorb sufficient energy ...
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STGW20NC60VD
STGW20NC60VD

... 1. Eon is the turn-on losses when a typical diode is used in the test circuit in Figure 19. Eon include diode recovery energy. If the IGBT is offered in a package with a co-pak diode, the co-pack diode is used as external diode. IGBTs & Diode are at the same temperature (25°C and 125°C). ...
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... energizing transformers is similar to the inrush current associated with motor starting. The primary and secondary full load amps of the above referenced transformer are 90 amps @ 480 VAC and 208 amps @ 208 VAC. When connected step-down and energized at 480 VAC, the maximum peak inrush current is ap ...
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... voltages at the point of common coupling (PCC) in transmission and distribution systems. The main role of a STATCOM is to provide voltage support at critical points of a transmission system. Due to their high control bandwidth, static compensators (STATCOMs), based on three phase voltage source conv ...
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... A. Where indicated on the drawings, each utility metering vertical section shall contain or provide provisions for current transformers, voltage transformers and any relays as specified by the local utility. The construction shall conform to the utility company’s metering standards as specified by t ...
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Chapter 2 Motion Along a Straight Line Position, Displacement

... PRACTICE: A non-ideal voltmeter is used to measure the p.d. of the 20 k resistor as shown. What will its reading be? SOLUTION: There are two currents passing through the circuit because the voltmeter does not have a high enough resistance to prevent the green one from flowing. The 20 k resistor ...
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MK2751-01 MPEG/Set

Chapter 23: Series and Parallel Circuits
Chapter 23: Series and Parallel Circuits

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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