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+ + + + + + + + Space charge region
+ + + + + + + + Space charge region

“Real” Transformer
“Real” Transformer

... Define ZeqP = The “equivalent impedance” with all parameters referred to the primary ...
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... second. The electric current through the lamp is due to electrons passing through it. Each electron carries a tiny negative charge. The rate of flow of electrical charge is called the current. The filament of the torch lamp is a fine metal wire. Metals conduct electricity because they contain conduc ...
Current Transformers
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STQ2LN60K3-AP

... Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America www.st.com ...
sr 2-125 two-channel amplifier
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S280-75-46A
S280-75-46A

... The collector current to Q2 has been limited by RL, resulting in Q2 saturating (or operating like an on-off switch). Another circuit type as shown in figure 21 gives an added transistor feature. The NPN transistor is in a common base configuration where two separate power supplies of different polar ...
Magnetically induced voltages and currents in Ethernet cables due
Magnetically induced voltages and currents in Ethernet cables due

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question bank for electro magnetic induction and alternating current

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enter title here (14 pt type size, uppercased, bold and centered over

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Fronius Primo Datasheet

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fulltext

... in relation to volume (in Ah/l). These representations have their benefits depending on what is more important for a particular application. Figure 2.2 ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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