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Electricity.pps
Electricity.pps

... potential divider to obtain different values for the voltage V and hence for the current I. 3.Obtain at least six values for V and I using the voltmeter and the ammeter. 4.Plot a graph of V against I ...
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... until it returned to the designated voltage range. As a is used for 60Hz equipment test. Output voltage is kept result of testing, we confirmed that there is ample constant by the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). margin in the target value of 32ms because actual In the case of SVC testing, however ...
MAX378/MAX379 High-Voltage, Fault
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... voltage is +60V, Q1 has a negative VGS, which turns it off. Similarly, only sub-microamp leakage currents can flow from the output back to the input, since any voltage will turn off either Q1 or Q2. Figure 9 shows the condition of an OFF channel with V+ and V- present. As with Figures 7 and 8, eithe ...
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... input-to-output differential voltage, supplies of several hundred volts can be regulated as long as the maximum input-to-output differential is not exceeded. That is, avoid short-circuiting the output. By connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment pin and output, the LM117 and LM317-N can be ...
W. Inam, K.K. Afridi, and D.J. Perreault, “High Efficiency Resonant dc/dc Converter Utilizing a Resistance Compression Network,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 4126-4136, August 2014.
W. Inam, K.K. Afridi, and D.J. Perreault, “High Efficiency Resonant dc/dc Converter Utilizing a Resistance Compression Network,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 4126-4136, August 2014.

... frequencies to be utilized. The on/off modulation frequency for output power control was chosen as 500 Hz. The reason for selecting this low frequency was to achieve a high efficiency under modulation with acceptable capacitance at the input and output. In applications where capacitance reduction is ...
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... inverter, mirroring the voltage swing across the load. Given that the TLV4120 is a MOS amplifier, the input impedance is very high; consequently input bias currents in most cases will not generally be a concern (see offset voltage application section). However, the noise in the circuit will increase ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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