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Application of the MREMC Algorithms for Performance
Application of the MREMC Algorithms for Performance

... By default, digital signals at 100 Mbps or slower often operate with transition times on the order of 1 ns or less depending on the source resistance and load capacitance (or parasitic inductance for a matched termination). This is faster than necessary to convey the signal and provides opportunitie ...
JUMO dTRON 304/308/316 Compact Controller with program function
JUMO dTRON 304/308/316 Compact Controller with program function

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... 24. Voltages greater than Maximum System Voltage shall use the next higher voltage class test levels. 25. Neutral BIL shall be a minimum of 2.5 times neutral applied potential test level. 26. Single phase distribution and power transformers and regulating transformers for voltage ratings between ter ...
Medium Voltage Switching Transient Induced Potential
Medium Voltage Switching Transient Induced Potential

P3Z22V10 3V zero power, TotalCMOS™, universal PLD device
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... User-defined functions are created by programming the connections of input signals into the array. User-configurable output structures in the form of I/O macrocells further increase logic flexibility. ...
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... The MAX1684/MAX1685 are high-efficiency, internalswitch, pulse-width modulation (PWM) step-down switching regulators intended to power cellular phones, communicating PDAs, and handy-terminals. These devices deliver a guaranteed 1A output current from two lithium-ion (Li+) batteries. Their wide-input ...
Chapter 47: Ignition Systems Overview
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... Each circuit is energized individually with respect to ground using a DC voltage source limited to a current of 2 mA during charging. The maximum voltage applied is 1.9 kV DC. ...
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... upper and lower limit of each measuring span (measuring span limit) of the device. The span can be continuously adjusted within these limits in the ratio of 1:2 at the transmission element. This adjustment changes the transmission ratio between the lever (1.8) and the pointer mechanism (2.2). Depend ...
JUMO dTRON 304/308/316 Compact Controller with program function
JUMO dTRON 304/308/316 Compact Controller with program function

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Precision Making ScopeCorder DL850E / DL850EV

... With this powerful analysis function, the ScopeCorder measures selected parameters individually for each waveform cycle and provides statistical information which can easily be saved to a file. By selecting maximum or minimum values from the results, the instrument can automatically zoom into the ...
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... holes. In fact there is even a third relation (not shown in Fig. 3.3), but that has a maximum little bit lower than the other two and plays only a minor role in the piezoresistive effect. The valence band can be described by the so-called two-and-one band model. The two bands have different flatness ...
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Part Number 30-5137 Analog Style 60 PSI Boost Pressure Gauge
Part Number 30-5137 Analog Style 60 PSI Boost Pressure Gauge

... RED - When wired as shown above, the gauge will park the needle against the needle stop upon powering down. Alternatively, the RED wire can be connected to the same location as the PINK wire. With the RED wire and the PINK wire connected to the same switched power, the needle will remain at its curr ...
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... In order to explain the operation of the converter and to quantify its behavior, the following conditions are assumed: All components are ideal; the converter operates in steady state at a fixed switching frequency (fs). The input voltage (Vin) is a sine wave that assume to be constant (Vg) in a swi ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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