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underground cable fault distance locator
underground cable fault distance locator

... Open circuit fault happens, when there is a break in the conducting path of a cable. These kind of faults are better comparatively short circuit faults because when these fault occur current flows through cable becomes zero. The open-circuit fault can be detect by megger by measuring resistance betw ...
How to select an NTC Thermistor
How to select an NTC Thermistor

MAX9638 - Part Number Search
MAX9638 - Part Number Search

Series 5000 - Welding Technology Corporation
Series 5000 - Welding Technology Corporation

... maintain constant heat for the weld. This algorithm may prove to be as significant shift in the method of controlling resistance welding as did current regulation replaced voltage compensation and as did voltage compensation replaced simple phase timing control. ...
IceCube PMT HV Base Development Status
IceCube PMT HV Base Development Status

... The split-ground design is intended to allow experimentation with various grounding configrations in the integrated DOM. The two grounds, for instance, may be jumpered with a wire so that the both grounds share the same DC ground. Alternatively, the analog ground may be connected to the ground at th ...
Enhancement of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for
Enhancement of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for

... In SVPWM schemes, a reference space vector is sampled at regular intervals for determination of the inverter switching vectors and their time durations, in a sampling interval. The SVPWM scheme gives more fundamental voltage and better harmonic performance compared to the SPWM schemes [13]-[20]. The ...
Phase noise analysis of a tail-current shaping technique employed
Phase noise analysis of a tail-current shaping technique employed

Principles of Electronic Communication Systems
Principles of Electronic Communication Systems

... transmitting on a frequency of 980 kHz, what are sideband frequencies and total bandwidth? fUSB = 980 + 5 = 985 kHz fLSB = 980 – 5 = 975 kHz BW = fUSB – fLSB = 985 – 975 = 10 kHz BW = 2 (5 kHz) = 10 kHz ...
Magnetic effect of current
Magnetic effect of current

... state, it emits a photon of light energy with energy specific to the gas being used. In some gases this wavelength corresponds to visible light. For example, neon lights are red, and sodium lights are yellow. This principle is used in the manufacture of discharge lighting. Some examples of discharge ...
AN-750 APPLICATION NOTE
AN-750 APPLICATION NOTE

... where f is the line frequency. Set the ZXTO bits in the MASK register. If a phase drops out, an interrupt should occur after the time specified by the ZXTOUT register has elapsed. However, as mentioned previously, noise and offset on the voltage channel may cause the part to continue detecting zero ...
MAX1448 10-Bit, 80Msps, Single 3.0V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference General Description
MAX1448 10-Bit, 80Msps, Single 3.0V, Low-Power ADC with Internal Reference General Description

A Comparitive Study on Different Control Algorithms of
A Comparitive Study on Different Control Algorithms of

... load currents. Masand et. al [19] have discussed phase shift control, indirect decoupled current control algorithm for DSTATCOM application. In recent years, the adaptive linear neural network (ADALINE) have been widely used ...
AND8020/D Termination of ECL Devices with EF (Emitter Follower) OUTPUT Structure
AND8020/D Termination of ECL Devices with EF (Emitter Follower) OUTPUT Structure

... Z0 = Line Characteristic Impedance The reflected signal continues to be reflected by the source and load impedances and is attenuated with each passage over the transmission line. The output response appears as a damped oscillation asymptotically approaching a steady state value. This phenomena is o ...
Diagnostic Testing for Oxygen Sensors
Diagnostic Testing for Oxygen Sensors

product pdf
product pdf

Giuliano, D.M., M.E. D’Asaro, J. Zwart and D.J. Perreault, “Miniaturized Low-Voltage Power Converters with Fast Transient Response,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics , Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 395-405, Sept. 2014.
Giuliano, D.M., M.E. D’Asaro, J. Zwart and D.J. Perreault, “Miniaturized Low-Voltage Power Converters with Fast Transient Response,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics , Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 395-405, Sept. 2014.

... buck converter [1]. This alleviates the issues with large step-down ratios, but increases the solution size by requiring the use of two large inductors rather than one large inductor as in the single-stage solution. To address this issue, Sun introduced the idea of using an unregulated and very effi ...
AAT4614 数据资料DataSheet下载
AAT4614 数据资料DataSheet下载

... In Equation 1, IMAX is the maximum current required by the load. RDS(ON)(MAX) is the maximum rated RDS(ON) of the AAT4614 at high temperature. RθJA is the thermal resistance between the AAT4614 die and the board onto which it is mounted. TA(MAX) is the maximum temperature that the PCB under the AAT4 ...
Dynamic PEM Fuel Cell Model for Power Electronics Member, IEEE,
Dynamic PEM Fuel Cell Model for Power Electronics Member, IEEE,

LTM4615 - Triple Output, Low Voltage DC/DC uModule Regulator
LTM4615 - Triple Output, Low Voltage DC/DC uModule Regulator

... COUT = 100µF, VOUT = 1.5V, IOUT = 1A Resistive Load, TRACK = VIN and RUN/SS = Float VIN = 5V ...
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22_LectureOutlines

... 3. A battery makes a circuit with a lightbulb as shown. Two compasses are near the wires before and after the bulb in the circuit. Which compass experiences a larger deflection? A. Compass 1 experiences a larger deflection. B. Compass 2 experiences a larger deflection. C. Both compasses experience t ...
172946001 - Würth Elektronik
172946001 - Würth Elektronik

... IFIX connected to GND; RIADJ = not connected; TJ = -40°C to 125°C VIN = 60V; VLED = 36V; IFIX connected to GND; RIADJ = not connected; TJ = -40°C to 125°C VLED = 24V; IFIX floating; RIADJ = 2.33kΩ; TJ = -40°C to 125°C VLED = 24V; IFIX floating; RIADJ = 3.5 kΩ; TJ = -40°C to 125°C VLED = 0V; VIN = 60 ...
Altivar 312 Characteristics (60421-EN)
Altivar 312 Characteristics (60421-EN)

... fly”) and activation of the function which manages the presence of an output contactor. Note: Depending on the drive rating, downstream ferrite suppressors may be required between the drive and the output contactor (see page 60427/2). ...
Fluke MegOhmMeter Training
Fluke MegOhmMeter Training

Dog-Legs Status
Dog-Legs Status

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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