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Relaying Short Lines - GE Grid Solutions Online Store
Relaying Short Lines - GE Grid Solutions Online Store

... The actual value of arc resistance in a fault is difficult to evaluate. It is known, however, that the resistance of an arc increases with the length of the arc and has an inverse relationship to the current in the arc. Reference 1 presents an approximation of the arc voltage for primary fault curre ...
Electric Circuits - Greater Philadelphia Sea Perch Challenge
Electric Circuits - Greater Philadelphia Sea Perch Challenge

... the current will split evenly. If the R1 is greater than R2 then more of the current will flow through R2. If the current in a parallel circuit is not equal for different size resistors it should still add up to the original amount of current flowing from the battery. According to Ohm’s Law, even th ...
Lab #4 Sequential Logic Design
Lab #4 Sequential Logic Design

... A register is a group of n flip-flops operating together whose outputs are considered to represent an n-bit binary number. A single flip-flop can be considered to be a single-bit register. The simplest form of a register is used to just capture and hold a value applied to its inputs (eg. the D input ...
Chapter no. 6 - WordPress.com
Chapter no. 6 - WordPress.com

... zero as there is no source of electron. As we increase the VDS current ID increases linearly with voltage VDS as shown in chara. This region to the left or point A of the curve is called ohmic region. In this region bar acts as simple resistor, Because of simple resistor there is voltage drop in the ...
Alignment using a Wobbulator
Alignment using a Wobbulator

... The swept output is applied to the IF amplifier input; The frequency of the sweep is synchronized to the ‘scope timebase, either by using the ‘scope’s timebase circuit to vary the wobbulator’s output frequency (sweep), or by incorporating a ramp generator in the wobbulator that can trigger the ‘scop ...
File lm4780 | allcomponents.ru
File lm4780 | allcomponents.ru

... must be chosen so that a minimum of 1mA is pulled through the resistor RM. This ensures that each amplifier is fully operational. Taking into account supply line fluctuations, it is a good idea to pull out 1mA per MUTE pin or 2mA total if both pins are tied together. A turn-on MUTE or soft start cir ...
Introduction: Before describing the Ohmmapper, it is worthwhile to
Introduction: Before describing the Ohmmapper, it is worthwhile to

Solid State University - Linn-Benton Community College
Solid State University - Linn-Benton Community College

Evaluates:  MAX1733/MAX1734 MAX1734 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX1733/MAX1734 MAX1734 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... The MAX1734 EV kit features a shutdown mode that reduces the MAX1734 quiescent current below 5µA (max), preserving battery life. The 3-pin header, JU1, selects the shutdown mode for the circuit. Table 1 lists the selectable jumper options. ...
DN131 - The LTC1446/LTC1446L: World's First Dual 12-Bit DACs in SO-8
DN131 - The LTC1446/LTC1446L: World's First Dual 12-Bit DACs in SO-8

... The on-chip output buffer amplifiers can source or sink over 5mA with a 5V supply. More over, they have true railto-rail performance. This results in excellent load regulation up to the 4.095V full-scale output with a 4.5V supply. When sinking current with outputs close to zero scale, the effective ...
STEVAL-ISA063V2
STEVAL-ISA063V2

... 2% DC feedback voltage tolerance ...
Self-heating and dissipation constant
Self-heating and dissipation constant

MAX5186/MAX5189 Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage, Simultaneous-Output DACs General Description
MAX5186/MAX5189 Dual, 8-Bit, 40MHz, Current/Voltage, Simultaneous-Output DACs General Description

... This current is mirrored into the current source array where it is equally distributed between matched current segments and summed to valid output current readings for the DACs. The MAX5189 converts each output current (DAC1 and DAC2) into an output voltage (VOUT1, VOUT2) with two internal, ground-r ...
NJM3773
NJM3773

... As the filtering action introduces a small delay, the peak value across the sensing resistor, and hence the peak motor current, will reach a slightly higher level than what is defined by the reference voltage. The filtering delay also limits the minimum possible output current. As the output will be ...
Energy Harvesting Device - Ohio State ECE
Energy Harvesting Device - Ohio State ECE

firing circuit for three-phase fully controlled bridge dual
firing circuit for three-phase fully controlled bridge dual

... operated in a converter or inverter mode depending upon the delay angle to be less than or above 90º. Each SCR remains on for 120º duration and is turned off only when the next SCR of the same portion in sequence is gated. Once SCR each in upper and lower portions of the bridge conducts at a time fo ...
RailClamp   Low Capacitance TVS Diode Array
RailClamp Low Capacitance TVS Diode Array

OPA2107 Difet Precision Dual Operational Amplifier
OPA2107 Difet Precision Dual Operational Amplifier

... The OPA2107 is fabricated on a proprietary dielectrically isolated (Difet ) process. This holds input bias currents to very low levels without sacrificing other important parameters, such as input offset voltage, drift and noise. Lasertrimmed input circuitry yields excellent dc performance. Superior ...
Electronically tunable quadrature oscillator using current-controlled differential current voltage conveyors
Electronically tunable quadrature oscillator using current-controlled differential current voltage conveyors

... Equation (4) shows that terminals z and o of the proposed CDCVC can be considered as the current and voltage outputs, respectively. The difference of the input currents ix1 and ix2 (ix1-ix2) is conveyed into the output voltage vo via an external impedance, which is connected at the terminal z. Thus, ...
OHM`S LAW
OHM`S LAW

... There are some circuits which can’t be solved by the series-parallel method used above. One common example is a circuit in which there is more than one battery. First, consider circuits containing only batteries and resistors. A typical such circuit is: ...
DB_MS8886A
DB_MS8886A

Property Classification through Sensing MIDN 1/C Nicholas
Property Classification through Sensing MIDN 1/C Nicholas

High Resistance Measurements
High Resistance Measurements

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Zetex - ZXFV4583 Sync separator with variable filter datasheet
Zetex - ZXFV4583 Sync separator with variable filter datasheet

Product Data: CCLD Laser Tacho Probe — MM
Product Data: CCLD Laser Tacho Probe — MM

... For each pass of the target, a negative 0.8 Vp pulse is output, DC biased between +18.0 V and +19.5 V. MM-0360 is capable of measuring down to 0 RPM* when used with measurement system capable of DC coupling of the CCLD power supply such as in the Brüel & Kjær LAN-XI family of data acquisition hardwa ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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