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Electric Circuit`s - 1
Electric Circuit`s - 1

... 2 Resistors two and three are connected in parallel to each other. They are then connected in series to resistor four. This combination is in series to resistor one. 3 Resistors two and three are connected in series to each other. They are connected in parallel to resistor four. This combination is ...
Low Power Voltage and Current Transducers for Protecting
Low Power Voltage and Current Transducers for Protecting

AD557: 英文产品数据手册下载
AD557: 英文产品数据手册下载

... 1.2 V and thus, unlike 6.3 V temperature-compensated Zeners, may be operated from a single, low-voltage logic power supply. The microprocessor interface logic consists of an 8-bit data latch and control circuitry. Low power, small geometry and high speed are advantages of the I2L design as applied t ...
Experiments for First Year Electrical Engg Lab
Experiments for First Year Electrical Engg Lab

... ii) After the saturation point, now current is again reduced to zero. Due to this field strength also reduces to zero. But it is observed that flux density do not trace the same curve back but falls back as compared to previous magnetization curve .This phenomenon of falling back of flux density whi ...
ADP3088 1 MHz, 750 mA Buck Regulator Data Sheet (REV. C)
ADP3088 1 MHz, 750 mA Buck Regulator Data Sheet (REV. C)

... PWM comparator, whichever is lower. The error amplifier measures the output voltage through an external resistor divider tied to the FB pin. This amplifier servos the switch current to regulate the FB pin voltage to 1.245 V. An internal regulator provides power to the control circuitry. The COMP pin ...
TLV7256 - Texas Instruments
TLV7256 - Texas Instruments

Semi-Conductor Diode notes
Semi-Conductor Diode notes

... and corresponding increase in current. Forward bias can be increased to the point where every available electron/hole combination is being utilized. This condition is called “Saturation”. Any further increase in forward bias will cause non-free electrons to start moving, and will destroy the diode. ...
ABB helps distribution transformers survive rapid voltage transients
ABB helps distribution transformers survive rapid voltage transients

Fig. 6-1: pin photodiode circuit
Fig. 6-1: pin photodiode circuit

Self-Calibrated Current Reference
Self-Calibrated Current Reference

... their threshold voltages. A circuit that extracts this difference can be seen in figure 2.1.1. In the following figure the transistor that is circled is the device that has the lower threshold voltage. The feedback in the circuit will strive to make the two inputs of the op amp equal. If the two res ...
ADM2209E 数据手册DataSheet 下载
ADM2209E 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... 3.3 V/5 V Standby Power Supply for Receiver R5 in Ports A and B Positive Power Supply, Nominally +12 V Positive Terminal of C1 (If C1 is polarized capacitor.) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) ...
LM34 Precision Fahrenheit Temperature Sensors
LM34 Precision Fahrenheit Temperature Sensors

... Fahrenheit temperature. The LM34 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in degrees Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Fahrenheit scaling. The LM34 does not require any external calibration or trimmin ...
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EDM-M - Duplomatic Oleodinamica

V/F control
V/F control

... Induction motors with squirrel cage rotors are the workhorse of industry because of their low cost and rugged construction. When Squirrel cage induction machine is operated directly from the line voltages(60 Hz/50 Hz essentially constant voltage) an Induction motor is operated at constant speed. How ...
Commonly Used Electrical Symbols
Commonly Used Electrical Symbols

... 2. In a number of instances, the same symbol can represent a number of components. They are usually distinguished from one another by letters or numbers, such as M W A and 50 representing a motor, watthour meter, ammeter and overcurrent protective relay, respectively. ...
Q. 1 – Q. 5 carry one mark each.
Q. 1 – Q. 5 carry one mark each.

... A voice-grade AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) telephone channel has a bandwidth of 4.0 kHz and two-sided noise power spectral density ...
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File Type pdf Y 3030 quick Y

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Lecture_8

2 to its decimal equivalent
2 to its decimal equivalent

... the collector of the transistor and also at output 1. If we apply + 5V to the base of Q1 then because it is greater than 0.7 V than the grounded emitter Q1 will switch on just like a light switch causing the + 5V from our supply to drop entirely across the 10K load resistor. This load could also be ...
unified power quality conditioner in distribution
unified power quality conditioner in distribution

... control the current flow ex: Static Synchronous Series compensator, Thyristor controlled series capacitor, Thyristor controlled series reactor. The shunt controller will provide effective voltage control and damp voltage oscillations by injecting the current in the line ex: Static Synchronous compen ...
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analog -.. devices

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Lesson Plan

Analog and Digital Multi
Analog and Digital Multi

Modeling of Electrical Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cell
Modeling of Electrical Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cell

... constant although it increases slightly while the voltage decreases. The effect of the temperature increase decreases voltage and power. Fig. 6 shows the influence of both the irradiation and the temperature, we can remark that the I-V and P-V curves are similar to these of the irradiation influence ...
FPGA based speed control of PMBLDC motor using
FPGA based speed control of PMBLDC motor using

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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