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MAX6672/MAX6673 PWM Output Temperature Sensors in SC70 Packages General Description
MAX6672/MAX6673 PWM Output Temperature Sensors in SC70 Packages General Description

... Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametr ...
What is a Phase Locked Loop
What is a Phase Locked Loop

... ω1 < ω 2 the duty cycle δ is defined by the average fraction of time the PFD is in the “+1” state; for ω1 > ω 2 , δ is by definition minus the average fraction of time the PFD is in the “-1” state. As expected, δ approaches “-1” when ω 1 << ω 2 and “+1” when ...
DC Electrical Characteristics of MM74HC High-Speed CMOS Logic
DC Electrical Characteristics of MM74HC High-Speed CMOS Logic

Multilevel Inverters for Large Automotive Electric
Multilevel Inverters for Large Automotive Electric

... added to the waveform, the harmonic distortion of the output wave decreases until it reaches zero with an infinite number of levels. As the number of levels increases, the higher the voltage which can be spanned by connecting devices in series. The structure of the multilevel inverter is such that n ...
OP-AMP
OP-AMP

... the Op-Amp to step to another voltage level. (Non-Ideal) • Input Offset Voltage- Even when there is no input voltage the Op-Amp gives off a small voltage. This can be canceled out by use of the Offset Null pin on the chip. (Non-Ideal) • Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)Ability of an Op-Amp to rejec ...
What is Sound
What is Sound

... 90 and 91 dB (about 3859 times greater) is much greater than that between 30 and 31 dB (about 3.86 times greater), the perceived change in loudness is about the same. The ear is also more sensitive to certain frequency regions than to others. The most sensitive region is about 2700 – 3000 Hz, with s ...
Quiz Solution #9
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... When the transformer secondary is not loaded : a . secondary voltage increases ~. no secondary current flows c . no secondary voltage is present d . second current increases ...
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... secondary of the transformer (not shown in the figure). A full wave rectifier circuit is shown in Fig. 6.1b. In the positive half cycle, the rectifier A conducts and charges the capacitors Vmax, while in the negative half cycle the rectifier B conducts and charges the capacitor. The source transform ...
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Real-time adjustable gate current control IC solves dv/dt

... The positive DC link voltage is applied to the load, when transistors T1 and T2 are turned on according to a) in Fig. 2. A critical situation can occur, when an overload is detected at transistor T2 and T2 is automatically turned off by the driver IC. This means, that the current will commutate to d ...
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... hazards, we recommend connection to line circuits with amperage specified “as above”. Connecting multiple amplifiers to the same circuit, or connecting the amplifier to the same circuit used by other heavy-power devices, such as high-wattage lights, may cause circuit breakers to trip. It is always a ...
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... transmitter. One PS24 Power Supply will power a maximum of four SA611’s, two SA612’s, or one SA611 and one SA613. The SA600 series emitters are equipped with infrared diodes rated for 100,000 hours designed to ensure years of quality performance at an affordable price. ...
Real-time adjustable gate current control IC solves dv/dt
Real-time adjustable gate current control IC solves dv/dt

... The positive DC link voltage is applied to the load, when transistors T1 and T2 are turned on according to a) in Fig. 2. A critical situation can occur, when an overload is detected at transistor T2 and T2 is automatically turned off by the driver IC. This means, that the current will commutate to d ...
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... The 10-mm copper leads on a 10-mOhm conventional 2-terminal resistor already create 24% of the total resistance while increasing the temperature coefficient from 10 ppm/K to almost 1000 ppm/K. The additional resistance on the leads could be offset by calibration, but the effect on the temperature co ...
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How to select the Triac, ACS, or ACST that fits your application

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... 2.0V or higher it is applied to EN pin it turns on the Switching Regulator. By increasing the voltage to 2.5V or more it turns on the LDO section. Since both circuits share one single package the thermal protection turns off both circuits when the die temperature exceeds approximately 135°C. Both re ...
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... terminated at only one point. Also, a grounding method should be considered for efficient heat dissipation. Careful attention should be paid to the layout of the output, VM and GND traces, to avoid short circuits across output pins or to the power supply or ground. If such a short circuit occurs, th ...
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... composed of the number of levels of voltages, typically obtained from capacitor voltage sources. The so-called multilevel starts from three levels. As the number of levels reach infinity, the output THD approaches zero. The number of the achievable voltage levels, however, is limited by voltage unba ...
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Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation
Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation

... (DDS) is that it provides variable frequency with the stability of a crystal oscillator. (G7C05)  Digital circuits called a synthesizer control the receive and transmit frequencies. ...
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... A thermistor constructed of ceramic semiconductor material, which exhibits a step-like increase of a factor of 100 or more in resistance with increasing temperature. Note: CPTC thermistors covered by this document are intended for use as current limiting protection elements. ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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