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Analog Communication Lab(PEC-453)
Analog Communication Lab(PEC-453)

Conductors and Insulators
Conductors and Insulators

... and when cold without its normal load current.  For example, a typical 100-W incandescent light bulb has a hot resistance of 144 Ω, but when the bulb is not lit, an ohmmeter reading of the cold bulb’s filament will read only about 10 Ω. ...
A Voltage-Lift Switched Inductor DC/DC Multilevel Boost Converter
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... assuming Igen (@1 sun) = 18 mA/cm2, Voc (@1 sun) = 0.79 V and Igen linearity as a function of light intensity. ...
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... The module will operate down to no load with reduced specifications. The maximum output current is 1 A or the maximum output power is 6 W, whichever is less. The set-point voltage tolerance is affected by the tolerance and stability of RSET. The stated limit is unconditionally met if RSET has a tole ...
UNIT – I Single Stage Amplifiers: Classification of Amplifiers
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... device back to the input is known as feedback. • some of the short comings(drawbacks) of the amplifier circuit are: 1. Change in the value of the gain due to variation in supplying voltage, temperature or due to components. 2. Distortion in wave-form due to non linearities in the operating character ...
Data Sheet 85001-0574 -- Genesis Chimes and Chime
Data Sheet 85001-0574 -- Genesis Chimes and Chime

... zone used with alert or alarm signals is at least 10 dB above the average ambient sound level, or 5 dB above the maximum sound level having a duration of at least 60 seconds, whichever is greater, measured 5’ (1.5 m). above the floor. The average ambient sound level is the RMS, A-weighted sound pres ...
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... • Suppressor Grid. • Reduces “splashback” of electrons from plate to screen grid. • At or near cathode potential. • Often directly connected to cathode. • Low current. ...
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BDTIC TLE7258SJ Basic LIN Transceiver starting up in Stand-By Mode

... wake-up and protection features. It is designed for in-vehicle networks, using data transmission rates up to 20kbps. The TLE7258SJ operates as a bus driver between the protocol controller and the physical bus of the LIN network. Compliant to all LIN standards and with a wide operational voltage supp ...
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... This kit is the replacement for K64, our previous 120 second voice recorder module. This kit used the now obsolete ISD25120 chip. K189 uses the ISD17120 chip. It has much the same specifications as the previous chip but with some extra features that make it easier to use. The ISD1700 series of chips ...
Power Conversion, Measurement and Pulse Circuits
Power Conversion, Measurement and Pulse Circuits

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... menu  option.    Also,  amplitude  ranges  can  be  fit  to  the  currently  displayed  waveforms   with  the  Fit  Ranges  option.   Note:    Time  is  referred  to  as  scale  and  amplitude  as  range  for  a  reason.    Time ...
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...  The voltage over the resistor is the same as the voltage delivered by the source: VR(t) = V0 sint = V0 sin(2ft)  The current through the resistor is: IR(t)= (V0/R) sint  Since V(t) and I(t) have the same behavior as a function of time, they are said to be ‘in phase’.  V0 is the maximum volta ...
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... The MAX16815/MAX16828 current regulators operate from a 6.5V to 40V input voltage range and deliver up to 100mA (MAX16815) or 200mA (MAX16828) to highbrightness LED (HB LED) loads. The output current is adjusted by using an external current-sense resistor in series with the LEDs. The MAX16815/MAX168 ...
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www.w9uuu.org
www.w9uuu.org

... • Suppressor Grid. • Reduces “splashback” of electrons from plate to screen grid. • At or near cathode potential. • Often directly connected to cathode. • Low current. ...
< 1 ... 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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