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Name - Mr. Dowling
Name - Mr. Dowling

... were not elected; they were chosen randomly from the Assembly so that every qualified person had an equal opportunity to serve on the council. At the end of the year, members of the boule appeared before the Assembly to account for their work. Only adult males born in Athens participated in the asse ...
Name: Date - Mr. Dowling
Name: Date - Mr. Dowling

... was possible in ancient Athens and even today is the system by which many small towns operate. However, gathering all citizens together to make decisions is not practical in large countries such as the United States. A council known as the boule managed the daily affairs of the polis. Members of the ...
Sparta and Athens
Sparta and Athens

... The Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War weakened all the Greek citystates—both winners and losers. Many people died fighting. Many farms were destroyed, and thousands lost their jobs. The war also made it impossible for the Greeks to work together again. After defeating Athens, Sparta tried to ...
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Golden Age of Athens MUSEUM EXHIBIT 10/18

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File - Mrs. Minks Social Studies
File - Mrs. Minks Social Studies

...  Long seacoast with many harbors led to spread of Greek civilization ...
Phase 1 and 2 of Peloponnesian War
Phase 1 and 2 of Peloponnesian War

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Chapter 9 Section 2 Outline
Chapter 9 Section 2 Outline

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Classical Greece - Northwest ISD Moodle

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The Greek Worldview - White Plains Public Schools
The Greek Worldview - White Plains Public Schools

... Greece. However, the Spartan people paid a high price for their military supremacy. All forms of individual expression were discouraged. As a result, Spartans did not value the arts, literature, or other artistic and intellectual pursuits. Spartans valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, ...
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Athens

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WHI.05a: Ancient Greece: Geography to Persian Wars

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4 KEY

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< 1 ... 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 ... 73 >

First Persian invasion of Greece



The first Persian invasion of Greece, during the Persian Wars, began in 492 BC, and ended with the decisive Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. The invasion, consisting of two distinct campaigns, was ordered by the Persian king Darius I primarily in order to punish the city-states of Athens and Eretria. These cities had supported the cities of Ionia during their revolt against Persian rule, thus incurring the wrath of Darius. Darius also saw the opportunity to extend his empire into Europe, and to secure its western frontier.The first campaign in 492 BC, led by Mardonius, re-subjugated Thrace and forced Macedon to become a client kingdom of Persia, after being allied or a vassal to Persia as early as the late 6th century BC. However, further progress was prevented when Mardonius's fleet was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Mount Athos. The following year, having demonstrated his intentions, Darius sent ambassadors to all parts of Greece, demanding their submission. He received it from almost all of them, except Athens and Sparta, both of whom executed the ambassadors. With Athens still defiant, and Sparta now effectively at war with him, Darius ordered a further military campaign for the following year.The second campaign, in 490 BC, was under the command of Datis and Artaphernes. The expedition headed first to the island Naxos, which it captured and burnt. It then island-hopped between the rest of the Cycladic Islands, annexing each into the Persian empire. Reaching Greece, the expedition landed at Eretria, which it besieged, and after a brief time, captured. Eretria was razed and its citizens enslaved. Finally, the task force headed to Attica, landing at Marathon, en route for Athens. There, it was met by a smaller Athenian army, which nevertheless proceeded to win a remarkable victory at the Battle of Marathon.This defeat prevented the successful conclusion of the campaign, and the task force returned to Asia. Nevertheless, the expedition had fulfilled most of its aims, punishing Naxos and Eretria, and bringing much of the Aegean under Persian rule, as well as the full inclusion of Macedon. The unfinished business from this campaign led Darius to prepare for a much larger invasion of Greece, to firmly subjugate it, and to punish Athens and Sparta. However, internal strife within the empire delayed this expedition, and Darius then died of old age. It was thus left to his son Xerxes I to lead the second Persian invasion of Greece, beginning in 480 BC.
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