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Mrs. Minks World History Peyton High School List some terms other people would use to describe Colorado. Then, list ways you might describe people in New York. How do different states and regions in the U.S. vary? Greece occupies a small area about the size of Louisiana Consists of small plains and river valleys surrounded by high mountain ranges Rivalry between independent communities led to warfare Long seacoast with many harbors led to spread of Greek civilization 5th century BCE Greece was dominated by two main powers Democratic Athens & Military oligarchy of Sparta Sparta was great land power Controlled many neighboring territories Populations were tied to land as slaves Athens power was based on command of sea Head of naval alliance (Delian League) Athens Sparta Approximately 140,000 Approximately 40,000 men Approximately 8,000 were citizens Slaves were about 40,000 By 432 BC, Athens had become the most populous city-state in Hellas. In Athens and Attica, there were at least 150,000 Athenians, Around 50,000 aliens, and more than 100,000 slaves. Spartiates (adult male citizens) ruled over a population of 100,000 enslaved and semienslaved people. Athens Direct democracy Elected officials including 10generals (strategos), magistrates (archons), and others. Council of 500 was charged with administering decisions made by the Assembly. Sparta Oligarchy w/ few elements of monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy Two kings who were generals in command of the armies and with some religious duties. Five overseers (ephors) elected annually Athens The Assembly open to all citizens Citizens were paid for jury service Women did not participate in the political life of Athens. Sparta Council or Senate(apella) of 28 councilmen acted as judges and proposed laws to the citizens' assembly. The Assembly open to men over 30 Women did not participate Athens Sparta Freemen were all male Three classes: citizens Divided into numerous classes: Aristocrats Farmers Thetes Metics Slaves Spartiates Perioeci Helots Women had few rights but were more independent in Sparta then anywhere else in Greece Athens Sparta Delian League Peloponnesian League Athens taxed and Sparta the most powerful protected other city states in the league Athens Sparta Strong navy Strong army, best and most feared fighters in the land Athens Sparta Democratic values for Militaristic values. Children of citizens were citizens. Athenians believed in their cultural superiority raised to be "Spartan” Not permitted to own gold or silver or luxuries. Taught to respect elderly, women, and warriors. Spartan mothers would say to their sons, "Either come back with your shield or on it" Athens Sparta Boys: reading, writing and Boys : taken from parents at age mathematics, music, poetry, sport and gymnastics. From age 5 to 14 for poor, 5 – 18 for the rich Rich could go to academy where they would also study philosophy, ethics, and rhetoric Boys entered a military training camp for two years, until the age of twenty. Girls learned domestic art seven and trained in the art of warfare. At age 20 placed into higher ranks of the military. To age 30 they were dedicated to the state; then they could marry but still lived in barracks with other soldiers. They were educated in choral dance, reading and writing, but athletics and military training were emphasized. Girls educated at age 7 in reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics and survival skills. Athens Sparta Women and girls kept at home Girls educated in reading with no participation in sports or politics. Wives were considered property of their husbands. Responsible for spinning, weaving and other domestic arts Some women held high posts in the ritual events and religious life of Athens (where the goddess Athena was the patron). Prostitutes and courtesans were not confined to the house. and writing and could participate in sports Treated more as equals to men. Goal was to produce women who would produce strong healthy babies. Could own and control own property Athens Sparta Art Military supremacy Architecture Simple lifestyle Drama and literature Major inspiration behind Philosophy, science, medicine Government (democracy, trial by jury) the philosopher Plato's book 'The Republic' - the first attempt to formulate an 'ideal' community. Athens Sparta Food: Athenians Food: Spartan Broth enjoyed luxuries and foods from all over their empire. Wealthy Athenian homes were quite nice with an inner courtyard. consisted of pork, blood, salt and vinegar. Spartans were trained to dislike luxuries and fancy foods. The men lived most of their lives in military barracks.