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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... to a selectable marker and transform only cells which took up plasmid containing marker and origin grew call eukaryotic origins ARS ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

... • Genome- The complete set of all chromosomes • Genetics- The study of heredity • Gene – A piece of DNA that controls the synthesis of a specific protein • Trait – expression of a gene: i.e. a purple flower, determined by DNA • Dominant trait - expressed over recessive trait when both are present • ...
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BIOLOGY MOCK FINAL EXAM

... A. The species might be outcompeted by native species. B. The species may have no natural predators in the new ecosystem. C. The species may be susceptible to pathogens in the new ecosystem. D. The species might be unable to produce viable offspring with native species. 28. Increasing carbon dioxide ...
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Biological Terminology (Bio Terms)
Biological Terminology (Bio Terms)

... cards answered wrong in a separate pile. Go through the pile of wrongly answered cards, and again place all the cards answered incorrectly in a separate pile. Keep going through the “wrong” pile until there aren’t any cards left that you can’t answer. Repeat this process from the beginning until you ...
Test 1, 2007
Test 1, 2007

... to the three homologous chromosomal pairs. The "m" superscript indicates that the homologue is maternally derived, while the "p" indicates a paternally derived homologue. (a) In each of the nuclei below, draw the expected configuration of all chromosomes, making sure to label each homolog using the ...
Document
Document

... 18. How many bases are there in 30 kb of DNA? ___________60,000________________________ 19. What anticodon sequence occurs in tRNA species carrying tryptophan? __5´CCA3´_____ 20. The most common elements in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Which of thes ...
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DNA: Structure and Function

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...  sex-linked traits and examples: be able to solve these types of problems, what makes them different from traits carried on autosomes?, what is different in the inheritance pattern of these traits?  pedigree charts: be able to analyze  Mendel’s rules: paraphrase the concepts of dominance, segrega ...
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Unit 4 Genetics - Jamestown Public Schools

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Chapter 13 – Genetic Engineering

... producing a successful mutant. – Ex – bacteria that can digest oil have been produced this way ...
Chapter 13 – Genetic Engineering
Chapter 13 – Genetic Engineering

... producing a successful mutant. – Ex – bacteria that can digest oil have been produced this way ...
G01 - Introduction to Mendelian Genetics.notebook
G01 - Introduction to Mendelian Genetics.notebook

... Cells with the normal number of chromosomes for  that organism are said to be __________________  (i.e. ______________________) Some cells have half the number of  chromosomes are said to be  __________________  (i.e.  ___________________________) ...
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... – Ex – bananas, citrus fruit, strawberries, many ornamental flowers Diploid corn Tetraploid corn ...
Barbara McClintock - Nobel Lecture
Barbara McClintock - Nobel Lecture

... IV. The entrance into a telophase nucleus of a single broken end of a chromosome In the mid-nineteen-thirties another event inducing chromosome rupture was discovered. It revealed why crossing-over should be suppressed between the centromere and the nucleolus organizer in organisms in which chiasma ...
Biology Unit Review
Biology Unit Review

... 111. If the dominant and recessive allele for a trait are both present, the ___________________ allele will always express itself and it’s trait will be shown. 112. An individual who has a pair of alleles that are the same type (both dominant or both recessive) is said to be ________________________ ...
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Keystone Review Question

... Most organisms can be divided into two categories prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What is the main difference between these two categories? A. B. C. D. ...
ex. AA, Aa, aa
ex. AA, Aa, aa

... – Genotype- allele combination for genes that express a trait (ex. AA, Aa, aa) – Phenotype- physical traits caused by a genotype( ex. AA= red flowers, aa= white flowers ...
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Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
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