• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Ch. 13.1: BIOTECHNOLOGY
Ch. 13.1: BIOTECHNOLOGY

... Easy to manage in a lab. ...
Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance

... Governed by three alleles IA, IB, i This is also a case of codominance Pleiotropy Pleiotropy is when one gene influences several characters Sickle-cell disease results in abnormal hemoglobin proteins, and causes disk-shaped red blood cells to deform into a sickle shape with jagged edges In most case ...
BSC1005 /Belk_Chapter 5
BSC1005 /Belk_Chapter 5

... Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chromosomal Mapping of Murine c-fes and c
Chromosomal Mapping of Murine c-fes and c

... and v-abl in Drosophila melanogaster DNA further suggests that these oncogenes may have evolved from a common ancestral gene (14). It is of interest, therefore, to determine the relative locations of the cellular oncogenes in the mammalian genome and to find out whether members of the src family of ...
Chapter 2 - FacultyWeb Support Center
Chapter 2 - FacultyWeb Support Center

... • Sperm and ova are produced through meiosis or reduction division. • 46 chromosomes within the cell nucleus first line up into 23 pairs. • DNA ladders unzip, leaving unpaired halves of chromosome; when cell divides, one member of each pair goes to each newly formed cell. • Each new cell nucleus con ...
Factsheet - Andrology Australia
Factsheet - Andrology Australia

... XY. One sex chromosome is inherited from the mother and one from the father. Mothers always pass on an X chromosome, but fathers can pass on an X or a Y chromosome to their children. ...
Chapter 11 Learning Goals
Chapter 11 Learning Goals

... 1. Contrast the number of chromosomes in body cells and in gametes. (Compare diploid (2n) and haploid (n) cells.) 2. Describe homologous chromosomes. 3. Define gamete, sperm, egg and zygote. 4. Explain sexual reproduction, and why it has an evolutionary advantage. 5. Compare and contrast the process ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping
PowerPoint Presentation - Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping

... pattern of different alleles of a gene based on differences in SSRs and SNPs • Restriction enzyme cleavage of polymorphic alleles that are different in RFLP pattern produces different size fragments by gel electrophoresis ...
• What was Mendel`s contribution to our understanding of Heredity
• What was Mendel`s contribution to our understanding of Heredity

... • What is a punnett square and how is it used to illustrate the principles of inheritance? ...
point mutations - Plant Developmental Biology
point mutations - Plant Developmental Biology

... Monoploid plants from tissue culture ...
Lecture 32 POWERPOINT here
Lecture 32 POWERPOINT here

... from mother and one from father. If a genetic trait is dominant, a person only needs to inherit one copy of the gene for the trait to be expressed. • Recessive - refers to an allele that causes a phenotype (visible or detectable characteristic) that is only seen in a homozygous genotype (an organism ...
DNA, RNA and Proteins
DNA, RNA and Proteins

... The polymerases add nucleotides that pair with each base to form two new double helixes. DNA polymerases also have a “proofreading” function. During DNA replication, errors sometimes occur, and the wrong nucleotide is added to the new strand. DNA polymerase cannot add another nucleotide unless the p ...
8.7 Mutations - Perry Local Schools
8.7 Mutations - Perry Local Schools

... Somatic mutation – occurs in a body cell • Will affect the individual but are not passed on to offspring ...
Bio290-01-Introduction+Mendelian Genetcs
Bio290-01-Introduction+Mendelian Genetcs

... “Big Ideas” in Single-Gene Inheritance: 6. Sex-Liked Genes Have Unusual Inheritance Patterns What’s unusual about white-eyed fruit flies? Watch for new terms: What does it mean to be hemizygous? What’s a? ...
Chapter 5 - SchoolRack
Chapter 5 - SchoolRack

... Mom is Heterozygous for Big Nose: Nn Dad is Heterozygous for Big Nose: Nn What is the chance you’ll have a big nose? Do the cross! ...
Study Guide
Study Guide

... Note: The result of Meiosis I is _____ new daughter cells. The two new cells have sets of chromosomes and alleles that are ____________________ from each other and from the parent cell. Why? ...
Heredity - Monroe County Schools
Heredity - Monroe County Schools

... • 1. Which part of DNA contains the genetic instructions for a body’s characteristics and processes? a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladder b. The bases d. Its duplication • 2. Which part of DNA provides support for the molecule? a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladder b. The bases d. Its dupli ...
DNA, RNA and Proteins
DNA, RNA and Proteins

... The polymerases add nucleotides that pair with each base to form two new double helixes. DNA polymerases also have a “proofreading” function. During DNA replication, errors sometimes occur, and the wrong nucleotide is added to the new strand. DNA polymerase cannot add another nucleotide unless the p ...
Chapter 14. Mendel & Genetics
Chapter 14. Mendel & Genetics

... inherits 2 alleles, 1 from each parent – diploid organism • inherits 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent • homologous chromosomes • like having 2 editions of encyclopedia – Encyclopedia Britannica – Encyclopedia Americana ...
Dragon Genetics
Dragon Genetics

... Materials Needed:  1 dragon egg containing the chromosomes for both parents  Dragon black line drawing  Colored pencils Procedure: 1. Obtain a dragon egg, which contains the chromosomes from the parents of your dragon. 2. Remove all the chromosomes from your egg. Chromosomes from the mother are p ...
Imprinting and Dosage Compensation-2015
Imprinting and Dosage Compensation-2015

... The Basic Events of X Chromosome Inactivation The Xic is the minimum region to trigger X inactivation Two Xic are necessary for XCI to occur ...
Chapter 14 Transposons, Plasmids, and Bacteriophage
Chapter 14 Transposons, Plasmids, and Bacteriophage

... – not by transposase but by resolvase (product of tapR gene) – Recombination step (resolution) occurs at IRS sites in paired copies in cointegrate called res ...
Revisedchapter12
Revisedchapter12

... Females are XX, males are XY ...
DNA as Genetic Material
DNA as Genetic Material

... Helicase enzyme breaks hydrogen bond between base pairs Opens up DNA for replication enzymes to have access ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems The Double Helix
Bio 102 Practice Problems The Double Helix

... 1. Experiments by Avery, McCarty and MacLeod were consistent with the hypothesis that DNA is the genetic material. However, at the time many scientists still didn't believe that DNA was the genetic material for a variety of logical reasons. Which one of the following was NOT cited as a reason to dou ...
< 1 ... 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 ... 538 >

Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report