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Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES
Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES

... Chromosome Number Privet shrubs and humans each have a diploid number of 46 chromosomes per cell. Why are the two species so dissimilar? a) Privet chromosomes undergo only mitosis. b) Privet chromosomes are shaped differently. c) Human chromosomes have genes grouped together differently. d) The two ...
Inheritance
Inheritance

... •  Strictly speaking, this law applies only to genes on different, nonhomologous chromosomes or those far apart on the same chromosome •  Genes located near each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
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CIBI3031-070 Midterm Examination III November 2005
CIBI3031-070 Midterm Examination III November 2005

... b. both parents. c. her father. ____ 25. If two genes are on the same chromosome, a. they are in the same linkage group. b. they assort independently. c. crossing over occurs frequently. ____ 26. When chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis, it is the result of a. addition of proteins ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
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... Chromosomes and Classical Genetics • Walter Sutton in 1902 proposed that chromosomes were the physical carriers of Mendel's alleles • Problems arose however regarding the following question: • Why are the number of alleles which undergo independent assortment greater than the number of chromosomes ...
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... chromosome (lane 5) generates two bands, one at about 2.8 kb and a second at 5.2 kb. EcoR1-EcoR1 fragments approximately 5.2 kb in length represent methylated DNA sequences characteristic of the lyonized chromosome in each cell that is not digested with restriction endonuclease Eag1. DNA in lane 2 c ...
Reviewing Biology: The Living Environment
Reviewing Biology: The Living Environment

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... Anaphase of mitosis is most similar to Anaphase 11, because in both cases the sister chromatids are being pulled to the opposite poles, and there is no change in chromosome number after anaphase or anaphase 11. In anaphase I, the homologs are separated from each other (go to opposite poles) and the ...
CIBI3031-091 Midterm Examination III November 2005
CIBI3031-091 Midterm Examination III November 2005

... ____ 26. The number of different alleles for ABO blood types in the total human population is a. 4. b. 3. c. 9. ____ 27. The chromosomes are moving to opposite poles during a. metaphase. b. anaphase. c. interphase. ____ 28. Which of the following does NOT produce variation? a. random alignment of ch ...
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... Figure 1: This diagram shows two ancestral chromosomes being scrambled through recombination over many generations to yield different descendant chromosomes. If a genetic variant marked by the A on the ancestral chromosome increases the risk of a particular disease, the two individuals in the curren ...
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... s/he is about 40 years old. Symptoms include muscular shakiness, similar to intoxication, and people usually die within 15 years after the onset of symptoms. The most famous case: Woody Guthrie. The Genetics of Sex: In 1910 Thomas Hunt Morgan began breeding experiments with the fruit fly Drosophila ...
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... • Std 2f ~ students know the role of chromosomes in determining an individual’s sex • Std 2g ~ students know how to predict the possible combinations of alleles in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents • Std 3c* ~ students know how to predict the probable mode of inheritance from a pedigre ...
The Classic Example of Codominance in Humans is BLOOD TYPE
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... matter how many alleles exist in the population. Example: a population of dogs can have 5 alleles for coat color at one gene. ...
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... cells. Alleles at loci on different chromosomes the two haploid genome sets found in each cell of an individual subject, a difference in sequence are inherited together by chance in half of all meioses. Alleles at loci on the same chromosome occurring every 200-600 base pairs. This extenwould always ...
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... The passing of traits from parents to offspring The scientific study of heredity A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent….all offspring have the same traits as the parent I ...
Heredity, Genetics and Genetic Engineering
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... occur. These changes are called mutations. Mutations result when a segment of DNA is added to or deleted from a chromosome or when a segment is placed in the wrong place. Mutations occur naturally, but they can also be caused by environmental factors such as toxic chemicals, X-rays, and ultraviolet ...
Genetics Study Guide
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... The passing of traits from parents to offspring The scientific study of heredity A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent….all offspring have the same traits as the parent I ...
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Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics

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Chromosomal aberrations in oats, Avena sativa L
Chromosomal aberrations in oats, Avena sativa L

... -4whereas the ordinary cultivated oats have 42 chromosomes in the diploid ccnadition. Trabat derived A. strigosa from A. barbata, a wild species with small grain and brittle artic\ilation whidb makes harvesting difficult or impossible, a defect, from the viewpoint of agronomy but not of survival, w ...
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Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
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