Synaptic energy efficiency in retinal processing
... is known that natural images are not Gaussian distributed, but we would propose this as a reasonable first approximation. Note here information refers to all variations in image intensity and does not distinguish between potentially biological relevant variations such as those generated by reflectance ...
... is known that natural images are not Gaussian distributed, but we would propose this as a reasonable first approximation. Note here information refers to all variations in image intensity and does not distinguish between potentially biological relevant variations such as those generated by reflectance ...
Axon - Cloudfront.net
... Only cells with excitable membranes (like muscle cells and neurons) can generate APs. ...
... Only cells with excitable membranes (like muscle cells and neurons) can generate APs. ...
Physiol. Res. 49: 000
... states of these channels was responsible for the channel noise. We also implemented into the model the thermal noise (for details see APPENDIX) by connecting the membrane compartments with a random number generators injecting randomly current into the membrane. To determine the role of the noise on ...
... states of these channels was responsible for the channel noise. We also implemented into the model the thermal noise (for details see APPENDIX) by connecting the membrane compartments with a random number generators injecting randomly current into the membrane. To determine the role of the noise on ...
Simulating in vivo-like Synaptic Input Patterns in Multicompartmental
... are an extreme example of synaptic convergence, individual neurons that receive thousands of synaptic inputs are not unusual in the mammalian CNS. As pointed out by Pare and colleagues (1998), the average cortical pyramidal neuron receives about 10,000 synaptic inputs, and most of them are from othe ...
... are an extreme example of synaptic convergence, individual neurons that receive thousands of synaptic inputs are not unusual in the mammalian CNS. As pointed out by Pare and colleagues (1998), the average cortical pyramidal neuron receives about 10,000 synaptic inputs, and most of them are from othe ...
Study Guide
... review articles. Review articles generally do not report new findings; rather, they summarize the results of many pieces of already-published primary literature, usually fitting these pieces together into some sort of coherent overall picture. Secondary literature can thus provide very useful update ...
... review articles. Review articles generally do not report new findings; rather, they summarize the results of many pieces of already-published primary literature, usually fitting these pieces together into some sort of coherent overall picture. Secondary literature can thus provide very useful update ...
Signaling in large-scale neural networks
... networks. The gap between the constituents and the functional whole is aggravated in large-scale networks because neurons receive signals from a large number of other neurons. For this reason, the activity of individual neurons is rarely directly relatable to singular events in other neurons or in t ...
... networks. The gap between the constituents and the functional whole is aggravated in large-scale networks because neurons receive signals from a large number of other neurons. For this reason, the activity of individual neurons is rarely directly relatable to singular events in other neurons or in t ...
a14b NeuroPhysII
... • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
... • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
Linköping University Post Print Imaging phluorin-based probes at hippocampal synapses
... Find a transfected neuron by looking for mRFP expression in the RFP channel. This minimizes photobleaching of sypHy that would occur during the search for transfected neurons in the GFP channel. In the quenched (resting) state, very little sypHy fluorescence can be seen by eye (see Note 7). ...
... Find a transfected neuron by looking for mRFP expression in the RFP channel. This minimizes photobleaching of sypHy that would occur during the search for transfected neurons in the GFP channel. In the quenched (resting) state, very little sypHy fluorescence can be seen by eye (see Note 7). ...
Mechanisms of response homeostasis during retinocollicular map
... The mechanisms of Hebbian synaptic plasticity have been widely hypothesized to play a role in the activity-dependent development of neural circuits. However, these mechanisms are inherently unstable and would lead to the runaway excitation or depression of circuits if left unchecked. In the last dec ...
... The mechanisms of Hebbian synaptic plasticity have been widely hypothesized to play a role in the activity-dependent development of neural circuits. However, these mechanisms are inherently unstable and would lead to the runaway excitation or depression of circuits if left unchecked. In the last dec ...
Fluctuations in the open time of synaptic channels: An application to
... reason is that the charge is determined not only by the instantaneous state of the channel but also by the future states. Thus the dynamics of the channel will matter. (2) The curve of the charge variance versus mean charge is much smoother than the curve for the current, compare Fig. 1B to Fig. 1C. ...
... reason is that the charge is determined not only by the instantaneous state of the channel but also by the future states. Thus the dynamics of the channel will matter. (2) The curve of the charge variance versus mean charge is much smoother than the curve for the current, compare Fig. 1B to Fig. 1C. ...
Bridging Rate Coding and Temporal Spike Coding
... than the time required for temporal averaging of spike signals necessary for obtaining firing rates. Actually, precisely timed reproducible spiking has been experimentally observed with a precision of milliseconds [1], suggesting the importance of precise spike timing in information processing. The ...
... than the time required for temporal averaging of spike signals necessary for obtaining firing rates. Actually, precisely timed reproducible spiking has been experimentally observed with a precision of milliseconds [1], suggesting the importance of precise spike timing in information processing. The ...
Physiology
... Hz). Long term potentiation is caused by the release of arachidonic acid from the postsynaptic neuron which acts on the presynaptic neuron to release more of the transmitter (Glutamate). Long-term potentiation occurs in several parts of the CNS, particularly in the hippocampus and it plays an import ...
... Hz). Long term potentiation is caused by the release of arachidonic acid from the postsynaptic neuron which acts on the presynaptic neuron to release more of the transmitter (Glutamate). Long-term potentiation occurs in several parts of the CNS, particularly in the hippocampus and it plays an import ...
Melting the Iceberg
... of a V1 simple cell are obtained by summing appropriately aligned LGN inputs (circles). (B) The orientation selectivity of membrane potential in response to stimuli of 50% contrast (green) and 5% contrast (red). The dashed line indicates the firing threshold (Vthresh). Vrest is the resting potential ...
... of a V1 simple cell are obtained by summing appropriately aligned LGN inputs (circles). (B) The orientation selectivity of membrane potential in response to stimuli of 50% contrast (green) and 5% contrast (red). The dashed line indicates the firing threshold (Vthresh). Vrest is the resting potential ...
Neuronal Regulation Implements Efficient Synaptic Pruning
... pruning strategies in a biologically plausible manner? To answer this question , we focus here on studying the role of neuronal regulation (NR) , a mechanism operating to maintain the homeostasis of the neuron 's membrane potential. NR has been recently identified experimentally by [3], who showed t ...
... pruning strategies in a biologically plausible manner? To answer this question , we focus here on studying the role of neuronal regulation (NR) , a mechanism operating to maintain the homeostasis of the neuron 's membrane potential. NR has been recently identified experimentally by [3], who showed t ...
Mechanism for propagation of rate signals through a 10
... can exhibit coherence resonance in response to noise only.[8] Here, the mean firing rate of layer 2, f2 is a single-peaked function of τsyn , with a maximum at τsyn = 3 ms. Accordingly, the output rate is also peaked at τsyn = 3 ms, suggesting that the propagation of rate signals can be modulated by ...
... can exhibit coherence resonance in response to noise only.[8] Here, the mean firing rate of layer 2, f2 is a single-peaked function of τsyn , with a maximum at τsyn = 3 ms. Accordingly, the output rate is also peaked at τsyn = 3 ms, suggesting that the propagation of rate signals can be modulated by ...
Chaos and neural dynamics
... key experiments can be used for the analysis. The main results in this avenue are associated with the analysis of the behavior of individual neurons and neural ensembles, which confirms that the dynamics of a collection of neurons is more regular than their individual dynamics. This is true also for ...
... key experiments can be used for the analysis. The main results in this avenue are associated with the analysis of the behavior of individual neurons and neural ensembles, which confirms that the dynamics of a collection of neurons is more regular than their individual dynamics. This is true also for ...
Noise in Neurons and Other Constraints
... Noise as a fundamental constraint to information processing and transmission, and variability is inherent in our brains and our behaviour. This variability however cannot captured by computational models that are deterministic in nature, such as the beautiful Hodgkin–Huxley model of the action poten ...
... Noise as a fundamental constraint to information processing and transmission, and variability is inherent in our brains and our behaviour. This variability however cannot captured by computational models that are deterministic in nature, such as the beautiful Hodgkin–Huxley model of the action poten ...
Learn about synapses
... At the synaptic terminal (the presynaptic ending), an electrical impulse will trigger the migration of vesicles (the red dots in the figure to the left) containing neurotransmitters toward the presynaptic membrane. The vesicle membrane will fuse with the presynaptic membrane releasing the neurotrans ...
... At the synaptic terminal (the presynaptic ending), an electrical impulse will trigger the migration of vesicles (the red dots in the figure to the left) containing neurotransmitters toward the presynaptic membrane. The vesicle membrane will fuse with the presynaptic membrane releasing the neurotrans ...
Zwicker Tone Illusion and Noise Reduction in the Auditory System
... exists above the lower band edge but not below the upper band edge of the gap; cf. Fig. 1(b). Neither does it exist at the high-pass edge in Fig. 1(f). The Zwicker tone has been found neither in the cochlea nor in the auditory nerve and cannot be explained by known properties of the auditory periphe ...
... exists above the lower band edge but not below the upper band edge of the gap; cf. Fig. 1(b). Neither does it exist at the high-pass edge in Fig. 1(f). The Zwicker tone has been found neither in the cochlea nor in the auditory nerve and cannot be explained by known properties of the auditory periphe ...
Copy of the full paper
... several cotransmitters43. As the neuromodulatory environment changes, so will many properties of the cells and synapses that influence circuit function. As some circuit elements themselves contain neuromodulators, when these neurons are active, their released modulators will alter the circuit’s dyna ...
... several cotransmitters43. As the neuromodulatory environment changes, so will many properties of the cells and synapses that influence circuit function. As some circuit elements themselves contain neuromodulators, when these neurons are active, their released modulators will alter the circuit’s dyna ...
1: Nervous System II: Anatomy Review
... (on soma). They carry input signals to the other neuron. Axons from one neuron can synapse with the axon terminal of another neuron. These synapses are called ________________________, and they regulate the amount of ________________________ released by the other neuron. ...
... (on soma). They carry input signals to the other neuron. Axons from one neuron can synapse with the axon terminal of another neuron. These synapses are called ________________________, and they regulate the amount of ________________________ released by the other neuron. ...
How Many Cell Types Does It Take to Wire a Brain?
... Neuron-derived fractalkine Fractalkine receptor (Cx3cr1) on microglia ? Unknown signaling mechanism ...
... Neuron-derived fractalkine Fractalkine receptor (Cx3cr1) on microglia ? Unknown signaling mechanism ...