Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... a. different transmitters, or different post-synaptic membrane responses to the same transmitter b. different transmitters only c. the width of the synaptic cleft d. the speed of impulse conduction down the pre-synaptic neurons e. cerebellar interactions with the caudate nuclei, mediated by the insu ...
... a. different transmitters, or different post-synaptic membrane responses to the same transmitter b. different transmitters only c. the width of the synaptic cleft d. the speed of impulse conduction down the pre-synaptic neurons e. cerebellar interactions with the caudate nuclei, mediated by the insu ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... all synaptic connections in the network are initialized with a weight of wij = 0.3 unless specified otherwise. In further simulations, theta-coded neural dynamics are dictated by a phenomenological phase precession model (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993; O’Keefe, 2007; Huxter et al., 2008). A variable θ, wh ...
... all synaptic connections in the network are initialized with a weight of wij = 0.3 unless specified otherwise. In further simulations, theta-coded neural dynamics are dictated by a phenomenological phase precession model (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993; O’Keefe, 2007; Huxter et al., 2008). A variable θ, wh ...
Design of a Second-Order Delta-Sigma Modulator for
... CMOS. Unfortunately, relative to bipolar devices, MOS devices exhibit excessive 1/f (i.e. flicker) noise characteristics. This is unfortunate given the low-frequency signal bandwidth of the proposed design. As we will demonstrate, by using appropriate circuit techniques any inherent limitations resu ...
... CMOS. Unfortunately, relative to bipolar devices, MOS devices exhibit excessive 1/f (i.e. flicker) noise characteristics. This is unfortunate given the low-frequency signal bandwidth of the proposed design. As we will demonstrate, by using appropriate circuit techniques any inherent limitations resu ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... differential equations by a set of algebraic difference equations that can be solved numerically (numerical integration) (Hines and Carnevale 1997). Discretization is often couched in terms of "compartmentalization," but it is perhaps better to regard it as an approximation of the original continuou ...
... differential equations by a set of algebraic difference equations that can be solved numerically (numerical integration) (Hines and Carnevale 1997). Discretization is often couched in terms of "compartmentalization," but it is perhaps better to regard it as an approximation of the original continuou ...
Oscillatory Neural Fields for Globally Optimal Path Planning
... ratio was 1 (0 bits). The results indicate that the impact of "selection" noise is to "confuse" the robot so it takes longer to find the desired terminal point. The path shown in figures 3 represents a random walk about the true optimal path. The important thing to note about this example is that th ...
... ratio was 1 (0 bits). The results indicate that the impact of "selection" noise is to "confuse" the robot so it takes longer to find the desired terminal point. The path shown in figures 3 represents a random walk about the true optimal path. The important thing to note about this example is that th ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... I’m the ion that starts it all at the presynaptic ending!!! As soon as my channel opens, I diffuse into the axon terminal. I tell the synaptic vesicles to head toward the cell membrane to let their contents into the synapse through exocytosis so the message can be passed to the next neuron. Ca2+ (ca ...
... I’m the ion that starts it all at the presynaptic ending!!! As soon as my channel opens, I diffuse into the axon terminal. I tell the synaptic vesicles to head toward the cell membrane to let their contents into the synapse through exocytosis so the message can be passed to the next neuron. Ca2+ (ca ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... We have found some attempts in this direction. An event-driven approach, similar in concept to the approach presented here, was first proposed by Watts (1994). It is rather general and flexible but not very suitable for large networks with extensive randomness because a specific “event” is generated ...
... We have found some attempts in this direction. An event-driven approach, similar in concept to the approach presented here, was first proposed by Watts (1994). It is rather general and flexible but not very suitable for large networks with extensive randomness because a specific “event” is generated ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... biological nervous systems such as (B) Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, which have strong input from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate sys ...
... biological nervous systems such as (B) Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, which have strong input from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate sys ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... biological nervous systems such as (B) Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, which have strong input from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate sys ...
... biological nervous systems such as (B) Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, which have strong input from climbing fibers through many hundreds or thousands of synapses. In contrast, the model as shown in (C) that utilizes specific input to a presynaptic terminal as is known to exist in invertebrate sys ...
Synapse formation in developing neural circuits.
... which consists of only 302 neurons, the number of neurotransmitters and receptors required for the proper functioning of its 5000 synapses approaches in complexity those used by the hundreds of trillions of synapses in the vertebrate nervous system (Rand and Nonet, 1997). This suggests that through ...
... which consists of only 302 neurons, the number of neurotransmitters and receptors required for the proper functioning of its 5000 synapses approaches in complexity those used by the hundreds of trillions of synapses in the vertebrate nervous system (Rand and Nonet, 1997). This suggests that through ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... determine the variance explained by differences in single STRF parameters, we used each parameter in a linear regression model with a single predictor variable plus an offset term. The explainable variance calculated from partial correlation coefficients of the multivariate model (data not shown) wa ...
... determine the variance explained by differences in single STRF parameters, we used each parameter in a linear regression model with a single predictor variable plus an offset term. The explainable variance calculated from partial correlation coefficients of the multivariate model (data not shown) wa ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... hippocampus, which receives a major cholinergic input from the medial septum/diagonal band3, is important in memory4,5 and exhibits network activity at 40 Hz during relevant behaviours6. Here we show that cholinergic activation is sufficient to induce 40Hz network oscillations7 in the hippocampus in ...
... hippocampus, which receives a major cholinergic input from the medial septum/diagonal band3, is important in memory4,5 and exhibits network activity at 40 Hz during relevant behaviours6. Here we show that cholinergic activation is sufficient to induce 40Hz network oscillations7 in the hippocampus in ...
The interplay between neurons and glia in synapse
... [36]. These phenotypes could be mostly, but not fully, restored through exogenous addition of D-serine, suggesting that other vesicle-released astrocyte factors are involved in different steps of synaptic integration. In addition to influencing the integration of new-born neurons, glia modulate th ...
... [36]. These phenotypes could be mostly, but not fully, restored through exogenous addition of D-serine, suggesting that other vesicle-released astrocyte factors are involved in different steps of synaptic integration. In addition to influencing the integration of new-born neurons, glia modulate th ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... mean, or bias, current raises the average membrane potential and makes the transmission of rate changes more rapid and more sensitive as on average neurons are brought closer to threshold. The SD, or noise component, of the current prevents synchronization by ensuring that each neuron is in a differ ...
... mean, or bias, current raises the average membrane potential and makes the transmission of rate changes more rapid and more sensitive as on average neurons are brought closer to threshold. The SD, or noise component, of the current prevents synchronization by ensuring that each neuron is in a differ ...
Longtin - noise in neural systems
... they open and close. There are many other sources of noise associated with channels (DeFelice 1981). In a nerve cell, noise from synaptic events can be more important than the intrinsic sources of noise such as conductance fluctuations. Electric currents from neighboring cells or axons are a form of ...
... they open and close. There are many other sources of noise associated with channels (DeFelice 1981). In a nerve cell, noise from synaptic events can be more important than the intrinsic sources of noise such as conductance fluctuations. Electric currents from neighboring cells or axons are a form of ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... 1995] and the dentate gyrus [Eckenho and Rakic, 1991]. The time scale of synaptic elimination was found to vary between dierent cortical areas, coarsely following a dorsal to frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal dierences were found between species; in some species, the peak level ...
... 1995] and the dentate gyrus [Eckenho and Rakic, 1991]. The time scale of synaptic elimination was found to vary between dierent cortical areas, coarsely following a dorsal to frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal dierences were found between species; in some species, the peak level ...
Synaptic Transmission 1
... for the muscle AChR, a = 700 s-1 and b = 30,000 s-1 In the absence of transmitter, the rate of closing will be governed by a. The time constant describing the fall in current will be 1/a, which is 1-2 ms, which outlasts the waveform of [ACh] when acetylcholinesterase is present. The decay time ...
... for the muscle AChR, a = 700 s-1 and b = 30,000 s-1 In the absence of transmitter, the rate of closing will be governed by a. The time constant describing the fall in current will be 1/a, which is 1-2 ms, which outlasts the waveform of [ACh] when acetylcholinesterase is present. The decay time ...
Alterations in Synaptic Strength Preceding Axon Withdrawal
... E – evoked quantal responses arranged in order of amp. Quantal content of axon 1 is 0.23 and quantal content of axon 2 is 1.20. F- axon 1 shows a gradual decrement in amp. without an obvious cut-off between smallest evoked events and failures. G – axon 2 shows a distinct cut-off between smallest evo ...
... E – evoked quantal responses arranged in order of amp. Quantal content of axon 1 is 0.23 and quantal content of axon 2 is 1.20. F- axon 1 shows a gradual decrement in amp. without an obvious cut-off between smallest evoked events and failures. G – axon 2 shows a distinct cut-off between smallest evo ...
How Spike Generation Mechanisms Determine the Neuronal
... sodium channels) determines the speed with which neurons can track changes in input. Key words: populations of spiking neurons; noise; dynamics; sodium channel; integrate-and-fire model; conductance-based model ...
... sodium channels) determines the speed with which neurons can track changes in input. Key words: populations of spiking neurons; noise; dynamics; sodium channel; integrate-and-fire model; conductance-based model ...
Engineering new synaptic connections in the C. elegans connectome
... widely used. However, these methods mostly target the overall transmission or reception properties of neurons or neuronal populations and thus affect the total neuronal output or input, so that the effective unit of manipulation is actually the neuron rather than a specific synapse (Fig. 1A). Recent ...
... widely used. However, these methods mostly target the overall transmission or reception properties of neurons or neuronal populations and thus affect the total neuronal output or input, so that the effective unit of manipulation is actually the neuron rather than a specific synapse (Fig. 1A). Recent ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
Anatomy Review
... a. action potential b. synaptic potential 18. (Page 5.) Label the diagrams on page 5. 19. (Page 5.) In the brain, a variety of synapses have evolved to serve complex transmission needs between neurons. Synapses located between axon terminals of one neuron and ______, ______, or ______ of another are ...
... a. action potential b. synaptic potential 18. (Page 5.) Label the diagrams on page 5. 19. (Page 5.) In the brain, a variety of synapses have evolved to serve complex transmission needs between neurons. Synapses located between axon terminals of one neuron and ______, ______, or ______ of another are ...
Copy of the full paper
... hardware simulation system for computational neuroscience to investigate plasticity and learning phenomena in spiking neural networks; (ii) develop the hybrid technique, which connects silicon and biological neurons in real time. The system presented in this paper belongs to the first category, alth ...
... hardware simulation system for computational neuroscience to investigate plasticity and learning phenomena in spiking neural networks; (ii) develop the hybrid technique, which connects silicon and biological neurons in real time. The system presented in this paper belongs to the first category, alth ...
Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Orchestrates the Response of Pyramidal
... interneurons receive from pyramidal cells can therefore be used as an additional classification scheme. Taken together with the trans-membrane currents peculiar to each interneuron class, these properties can result in a considerable temporal separation of the response of pyramidal cells with that o ...
... interneurons receive from pyramidal cells can therefore be used as an additional classification scheme. Taken together with the trans-membrane currents peculiar to each interneuron class, these properties can result in a considerable temporal separation of the response of pyramidal cells with that o ...