an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... (R2). This is a classic example of a circumstance requiring cognitive control, which we assume depends on the PFC. How does the PFC mediate the correct behavior? We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is im ...
... (R2). This is a classic example of a circumstance requiring cognitive control, which we assume depends on the PFC. How does the PFC mediate the correct behavior? We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is im ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... new DMS procedure (delayed matching-to-sample) like that used in the monkey was developed for dogs by Kowalska (1997) and was applied in auditory recognition tasks, providing an opportunity to compare the results in both species. However, rhinal lesions in dogs had no effect on performance in these ...
... new DMS procedure (delayed matching-to-sample) like that used in the monkey was developed for dogs by Kowalska (1997) and was applied in auditory recognition tasks, providing an opportunity to compare the results in both species. However, rhinal lesions in dogs had no effect on performance in these ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... (R2). This is a classic example of a circumstance requiring cognitive control, which we assume depends on the PFC. How does the PFC mediate the correct behavior? We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is im ...
... (R2). This is a classic example of a circumstance requiring cognitive control, which we assume depends on the PFC. How does the PFC mediate the correct behavior? We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is im ...
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right
... emission tomography (PET) findings, decreasing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as well as improving the clinical condition of two patients with PTSD. The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the organization and control of behavior (21) by way of extensive dorsolateral prefrontal subcortical ...
... emission tomography (PET) findings, decreasing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as well as improving the clinical condition of two patients with PTSD. The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the organization and control of behavior (21) by way of extensive dorsolateral prefrontal subcortical ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... used only for immunohistochemistry, were perfused transcardially, in sequence, with saline containing 0.5% sodium nitrite; 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PB for 30 min; and chilled 0.1 M PB with 10, 20 and 30% sucrose. The brains were removed from the skulls and were immersed into 30% sucrose in 0.1 M ...
... used only for immunohistochemistry, were perfused transcardially, in sequence, with saline containing 0.5% sodium nitrite; 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PB for 30 min; and chilled 0.1 M PB with 10, 20 and 30% sucrose. The brains were removed from the skulls and were immersed into 30% sucrose in 0.1 M ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... Hoesen, 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984; Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1995), and appears to be essential in judging rewarding or aversive outcomes of actions (e.g., Bechara et al., 1997; Schoenbaum et al., 1998). Posterior orbitofrontal cortex, in particular, ...
... Hoesen, 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984; Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1995), and appears to be essential in judging rewarding or aversive outcomes of actions (e.g., Bechara et al., 1997; Schoenbaum et al., 1998). Posterior orbitofrontal cortex, in particular, ...
Frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
... by Frith et al. (1991a) and contrasted rCBF during two conditions: word generation and word repetition. In the present study, modifications to the procedure were required to accommodate an older patient group with possible speech impairment. The subjects had eight PET measurements of rCBF during a s ...
... by Frith et al. (1991a) and contrasted rCBF during two conditions: word generation and word repetition. In the present study, modifications to the procedure were required to accommodate an older patient group with possible speech impairment. The subjects had eight PET measurements of rCBF during a s ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI performed by Iacoboni et al. (1999) found this area during ...
... role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI performed by Iacoboni et al. (1999) found this area during ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... of “hits.” On the contrary, the posterior dorsal cingulate cortex detects potentially useful information, thus generating potential signals in the noise. Generally, we suggest, the cingulate cortex consists of two basic subsystems that have a reciprocal influence in neuropsychological me mory-test ...
... of “hits.” On the contrary, the posterior dorsal cingulate cortex detects potentially useful information, thus generating potential signals in the noise. Generally, we suggest, the cingulate cortex consists of two basic subsystems that have a reciprocal influence in neuropsychological me mory-test ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... 0 1995 WLEY-LZSS, ZNC. ...
... 0 1995 WLEY-LZSS, ZNC. ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insula, inferior parietal cortex and thalamus, predominantly on the right side, and cerebellum predominantly on the left side (Ernst et al. 2002; Ernst et al. 2004a,b). The notion of risk is closely associated with the potential of an aversive ...
... and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insula, inferior parietal cortex and thalamus, predominantly on the right side, and cerebellum predominantly on the left side (Ernst et al. 2002; Ernst et al. 2004a,b). The notion of risk is closely associated with the potential of an aversive ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... and insular cortices (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007) are intimately involved in rapid on-line adjustments in control. According to Menon and Uddin (2010) for example, the AI and dACC are core members of a larger salience network that rapidly activates to stimuli of potential motivationa ...
... and insular cortices (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007) are intimately involved in rapid on-line adjustments in control. According to Menon and Uddin (2010) for example, the AI and dACC are core members of a larger salience network that rapidly activates to stimuli of potential motivationa ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... density of auditory connections along the caudal to rostral axis (Figure 2; Barbas and Mesulam, 1985). Within the caudal lateral prefrontal cortex, auditory input is relatively restricted to specific domains of rostral dorsal area 8 (Barbas and Mesulam, 1981) and areas 45 and 12 in the ventrolateral ...
... density of auditory connections along the caudal to rostral axis (Figure 2; Barbas and Mesulam, 1985). Within the caudal lateral prefrontal cortex, auditory input is relatively restricted to specific domains of rostral dorsal area 8 (Barbas and Mesulam, 1981) and areas 45 and 12 in the ventrolateral ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... rostral premotor areas terminate in both the caudate n. and putamen, bridging the two with a continuous projection. This projection extends more rostrally than those from the motor cortex, although not into the rostral pole of the striatum. Thus, both caudal and rostral areas occupy much of the puta ...
... rostral premotor areas terminate in both the caudate n. and putamen, bridging the two with a continuous projection. This projection extends more rostrally than those from the motor cortex, although not into the rostral pole of the striatum. Thus, both caudal and rostral areas occupy much of the puta ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... Output neurons of the PFC are broadly divided into two categories: (1) pyramidal tract, or PT neurons, and (2) intratelencephalic, or IT neurons (Molnár and Cheung, 2006; Shepherd, 2013). PT neurons project subcortically via the pyramidal tracts projecting to ipsilateral striatum, thalamus, and/or b ...
... Output neurons of the PFC are broadly divided into two categories: (1) pyramidal tract, or PT neurons, and (2) intratelencephalic, or IT neurons (Molnár and Cheung, 2006; Shepherd, 2013). PT neurons project subcortically via the pyramidal tracts projecting to ipsilateral striatum, thalamus, and/or b ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... Two studies were performed that compared a ‘‘Paired’’ condition in which participants studied paired associates with a ‘‘Generated’’ condition in which participants completed word fragments to produce paired associates. In both tasks, participants were responsible for memory of the material either s ...
... Two studies were performed that compared a ‘‘Paired’’ condition in which participants studied paired associates with a ‘‘Generated’’ condition in which participants completed word fragments to produce paired associates. In both tasks, participants were responsible for memory of the material either s ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... • Four general considerations of cerebral cortex: 1. Contains three types of functional areas: • Motor areas: control voluntary movement • Sensory areas: conscious awareness of sensation • Association areas: integrate diverse information ...
... • Four general considerations of cerebral cortex: 1. Contains three types of functional areas: • Motor areas: control voluntary movement • Sensory areas: conscious awareness of sensation • Association areas: integrate diverse information ...
From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... modulation of extracellular calcium concentrations would therefore be most pronounced. Hence, experiments using visual stimuli should elicit stronger memory cell activity in the directly stimulated primary sensory areas, but not in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, where stimulus-elicited activation t ...
... modulation of extracellular calcium concentrations would therefore be most pronounced. Hence, experiments using visual stimuli should elicit stronger memory cell activity in the directly stimulated primary sensory areas, but not in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, where stimulus-elicited activation t ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... the cerebral cortex in mammalian species. Their early studies revealed that the cerebral cortex is composed of the same basic neuronal types, often organized into a similar basic laminar pattern. The importance of these findings justified the emphasis placed upon them, and they were instrumental in ...
... the cerebral cortex in mammalian species. Their early studies revealed that the cerebral cortex is composed of the same basic neuronal types, often organized into a similar basic laminar pattern. The importance of these findings justified the emphasis placed upon them, and they were instrumental in ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... type relies on broad structural features shared by more than one architectonic area, including the number and distinction of identifiable layers. In the prefrontal cortex we previously identified several types of cortices, ranging from agranular, which have only three identifiable layers, to eulamin ...
... type relies on broad structural features shared by more than one architectonic area, including the number and distinction of identifiable layers. In the prefrontal cortex we previously identified several types of cortices, ranging from agranular, which have only three identifiable layers, to eulamin ...
Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain
... Executive control, the ability to plan one’s behaviour to achieve a goal, is a hallmark of frontal lobe function in humans and other primates. In the current study we report neural correlates of executive control in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale, a region analogous to the mammalian prefrontal ...
... Executive control, the ability to plan one’s behaviour to achieve a goal, is a hallmark of frontal lobe function in humans and other primates. In the current study we report neural correlates of executive control in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale, a region analogous to the mammalian prefrontal ...
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... a division is the neurobiological scaffolding for an equivalent hypothesis about dual controllers that is prominent in psychological accounts of a range of behavioral phenomena in economic, social and animal-conditioning contexts1–5. The conventional idea is that the dorsolateral striatum and its do ...
... a division is the neurobiological scaffolding for an equivalent hypothesis about dual controllers that is prominent in psychological accounts of a range of behavioral phenomena in economic, social and animal-conditioning contexts1–5. The conventional idea is that the dorsolateral striatum and its do ...
Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe. The PFC contains Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11, 12, 46, and 47.Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. Destruction of the anterior two-thirds results in deficits in concentration, orientation, abstracting ability, judgment, and problem solving ability; destruction of the orbital (frontal) lobe results in inappropriate social behavior.The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social ""control"" (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes).Frontal cortex supports concrete rule learning. More anterior regions along the rostro-caudal axis of frontal cortex support rule learning at higher levels of abstraction.