Paper
... claustrum-prefrontal topography across primate species and the implications of claustrum connectivity for understanding of cortical functional networks are explored, and we hypothesize that the claustrum may play a role in controlling or switching between resting state and task-associated cortical n ...
... claustrum-prefrontal topography across primate species and the implications of claustrum connectivity for understanding of cortical functional networks are explored, and we hypothesize that the claustrum may play a role in controlling or switching between resting state and task-associated cortical n ...
... preferentially to lateral prefrontal areas while its rostrally adjacent sectors projected to medial and orbitofrontal cortices. The diagonal band nuclei projected to orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas. Cortical and subcortical structures that are interconnected appear to have a similar patter ...
Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine
... Recent studies have consistently reported increased products of lipid peroxidation and alterations of the major antioxidant enzymes in people with bipolar disorder (BD).1–3 It has been widely demonstrated that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the pathophysiolo ...
... Recent studies have consistently reported increased products of lipid peroxidation and alterations of the major antioxidant enzymes in people with bipolar disorder (BD).1–3 It has been widely demonstrated that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the pathophysiolo ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... Parvalbumin is expressed in basket and chandelier cells, which ...
... Parvalbumin is expressed in basket and chandelier cells, which ...
Prefrontal cortex in humans and apes: A comparative study of area 10
... The neighboring cortical area located in the caudal parts of the frontomarginal sulcus (area FD⌫? of Bailey et al., 1950) has a much smaller overall thickness, a prominent layer II, and a layer IIIa that has a decreased cell-packing density. Layer IV is not clear, although layers V and VI are very m ...
... The neighboring cortical area located in the caudal parts of the frontomarginal sulcus (area FD⌫? of Bailey et al., 1950) has a much smaller overall thickness, a prominent layer II, and a layer IIIa that has a decreased cell-packing density. Layer IV is not clear, although layers V and VI are very m ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... regions according to the mapping of Wyss and Sripanidkulchai (1984) following the classification suggested by Rose (1927a; 1927b; Figures 1 and 2). Retrosplenial granular a cortex corresponds to areas 29a and 29b, and Rgb corresponds to area 29c of Vogt and Peters (1981). The retrosplenial dysgranul ...
... regions according to the mapping of Wyss and Sripanidkulchai (1984) following the classification suggested by Rose (1927a; 1927b; Figures 1 and 2). Retrosplenial granular a cortex corresponds to areas 29a and 29b, and Rgb corresponds to area 29c of Vogt and Peters (1981). The retrosplenial dysgranul ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled fibers were present. In other regions, the density of TH-immunoreactive processes far exceeded that of DBH-labeled fibers. These findings indicate that nearly all of the immunoreactive fibers revealed by this anti-TH antiseru ...
... fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled fibers were present. In other regions, the density of TH-immunoreactive processes far exceeded that of DBH-labeled fibers. These findings indicate that nearly all of the immunoreactive fibers revealed by this anti-TH antiseru ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... radialis, brachialis, and brachioradials were monitored, many bilaterally, and they also showed no consistent transient or sustained relationship with the ready signal. EMG activity was synchronized with movement; the earliest muscles were activated 20 to 80 msec before movement onset. The onset tim ...
... radialis, brachialis, and brachioradials were monitored, many bilaterally, and they also showed no consistent transient or sustained relationship with the ready signal. EMG activity was synchronized with movement; the earliest muscles were activated 20 to 80 msec before movement onset. The onset tim ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
A Model of Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms for Goal-directed Behavior Michael E. Hasselmo Abstract
... of the next appropriate action. Simulations demonstrate how these mechanisms can guide performance in a range of goaldirected tasks, and provide a functional framework for some of the neuronal responses previously observed in the medial prefrontal cortex during performance of spatial memory tasks in ...
... of the next appropriate action. Simulations demonstrate how these mechanisms can guide performance in a range of goaldirected tasks, and provide a functional framework for some of the neuronal responses previously observed in the medial prefrontal cortex during performance of spatial memory tasks in ...
Prefrontal Phase Locking to Hippocampal Theta Oscillations
... (A and B) Rayleigh’s Z computed as a function of temporal offset τ between the hippocampal theta trace and the spike train of a hippocampal (A) and a prefrontal cortical (B) neuron (τ > 0 indicates shifting the spike train back in time or equivalently shifting the theta trace forward). Behind in gra ...
... (A and B) Rayleigh’s Z computed as a function of temporal offset τ between the hippocampal theta trace and the spike train of a hippocampal (A) and a prefrontal cortical (B) neuron (τ > 0 indicates shifting the spike train back in time or equivalently shifting the theta trace forward). Behind in gra ...
Winstanley et al. - Rudolf Cardinal
... Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom ...
... Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
Brief neonatal maternal separation alters extinction of conditioned
... conditioned fear. For instance, stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala results in expression of fear responses similar to those seen following fear conditioning (Applegate et al., 1983). Although the amygdala is a key site of plasticity for acquisition of fear conditioning, medial prefro ...
... conditioned fear. For instance, stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala results in expression of fear responses similar to those seen following fear conditioning (Applegate et al., 1983). Although the amygdala is a key site of plasticity for acquisition of fear conditioning, medial prefro ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... There are several additional cortices situated anteriorly within the medial prefrontal region, including area 9 dorsally, area 14 rostroventrally, and area 10, which caps the frontal pole. There is comparatively less information on the functions or connections of anterior medial areas, although rece ...
... There are several additional cortices situated anteriorly within the medial prefrontal region, including area 9 dorsally, area 14 rostroventrally, and area 10, which caps the frontal pole. There is comparatively less information on the functions or connections of anterior medial areas, although rece ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... Tasks such as devaluation are used in behavioral studies to reveal the role of associatively activated representations of reinforcers. But it is assumed that these representations are active regardless of the invocation of special behavioral procedures to detect them. For example, when animals perfo ...
... Tasks such as devaluation are used in behavioral studies to reveal the role of associatively activated representations of reinforcers. But it is assumed that these representations are active regardless of the invocation of special behavioral procedures to detect them. For example, when animals perfo ...
BMC Neuroscience
... projection neurons, which course through the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure, have elaborate dendritic trees [1], and are critical for functional integration of the hemispheres [reviewed in [2-5]]. There is general agreement that commissural projections originate mostly from the homotopi ...
... projection neurons, which course through the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure, have elaborate dendritic trees [1], and are critical for functional integration of the hemispheres [reviewed in [2-5]]. There is general agreement that commissural projections originate mostly from the homotopi ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... attention, categorization, decision, executive control, eye movement, memory, prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, planning, visual search ...
... attention, categorization, decision, executive control, eye movement, memory, prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, planning, visual search ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... Minnesota. Dynamic spatial categorization task. The DYSC task (Fig. 1) required monkeys to determine whether a small circle (the sample stimulus) was located to one side of a line (the boundary cue) or the other, and to press a response key when a choice stimulus appeared on the same side of the bou ...
... Minnesota. Dynamic spatial categorization task. The DYSC task (Fig. 1) required monkeys to determine whether a small circle (the sample stimulus) was located to one side of a line (the boundary cue) or the other, and to press a response key when a choice stimulus appeared on the same side of the bou ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... basis, however, has remained a mystery. Here, we propose that cognitive control stems from the active maintenance of patterns of activity in the PFC that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals to other brain structures whose net effect is to guide the flow of activi ...
... basis, however, has remained a mystery. Here, we propose that cognitive control stems from the active maintenance of patterns of activity in the PFC that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals to other brain structures whose net effect is to guide the flow of activi ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... (R2). This is a classic example of a circumstance requiring cognitive control, which we assume depends on the PFC. How does the PFC mediate the correct behavior? We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is im ...
... (R2). This is a classic example of a circumstance requiring cognitive control, which we assume depends on the PFC. How does the PFC mediate the correct behavior? We assume that cues in the environment activate internal representations within the PFC that can select the appropriate action. This is im ...
Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe. The PFC contains Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11, 12, 46, and 47.Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. Destruction of the anterior two-thirds results in deficits in concentration, orientation, abstracting ability, judgment, and problem solving ability; destruction of the orbital (frontal) lobe results in inappropriate social behavior.The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social ""control"" (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes).Frontal cortex supports concrete rule learning. More anterior regions along the rostro-caudal axis of frontal cortex support rule learning at higher levels of abstraction.