Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
... absence of compelling data, this hypothesis is currently based upon insufficient evidence from exercise studies. There remains uncertainty about how PFC accommodates to physical exertion by modulating cognitive control. Self-regulatory fatigue could occur due to either lack of increased PFC activity ...
... absence of compelling data, this hypothesis is currently based upon insufficient evidence from exercise studies. There remains uncertainty about how PFC accommodates to physical exertion by modulating cognitive control. Self-regulatory fatigue could occur due to either lack of increased PFC activity ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... The concept of cortico-subcortical loops is one of the explanations of the physiological control of the majority of motor, emotional and cognitive functions. The most important elements are striatum and cerebral cortex. Especially in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neuron ...
... The concept of cortico-subcortical loops is one of the explanations of the physiological control of the majority of motor, emotional and cognitive functions. The most important elements are striatum and cerebral cortex. Especially in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neuron ...
“Parcelation of the White Matter Using DTI: Insights into the
... are the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure. The fornix also has a small commissural component (hippocampal commissure) however, due to its predominant association fibers is included in the association fiber systems. The commissural system plays an important role in interhemispheric function ...
... are the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure. The fornix also has a small commissural component (hippocampal commissure) however, due to its predominant association fibers is included in the association fiber systems. The commissural system plays an important role in interhemispheric function ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal environment because many of its functions are independent of external stimuli—motives, drives, thoug ...
... networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal environment because many of its functions are independent of external stimuli—motives, drives, thoug ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... significant correlations were found in the other two regions. Although mPFC is known to also respond to receipt of rewarding outcomes (Elliott et al., 1997; O’Doherty et al., 2001; Knutson et al., 2003), there was no significant correlation between the overall reward rate and activity in this area ( ...
... significant correlations were found in the other two regions. Although mPFC is known to also respond to receipt of rewarding outcomes (Elliott et al., 1997; O’Doherty et al., 2001; Knutson et al., 2003), there was no significant correlation between the overall reward rate and activity in this area ( ...
PROJECTIONS OF THE AMYGDALOID BODY TO THE INSULAR
... According to Krettek and Price (5), the lateral nucleus in the cat projects only to the posterior part of the agranular insular cortex, these connections arising only in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. Mufson et al. (9) obsewed in Macacca the labeling of lateral nucleus neurons after the ad ...
... According to Krettek and Price (5), the lateral nucleus in the cat projects only to the posterior part of the agranular insular cortex, these connections arising only in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. Mufson et al. (9) obsewed in Macacca the labeling of lateral nucleus neurons after the ad ...
Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition,
... humans holds a privileged position within the nervous system with regard to thought and reason. This view stems, in part, from the classic neurological literature which has provided evidence that the frontal cortex, and its anterior (prefrontal) component, in particular, has a role in cognitive proc ...
... humans holds a privileged position within the nervous system with regard to thought and reason. This view stems, in part, from the classic neurological literature which has provided evidence that the frontal cortex, and its anterior (prefrontal) component, in particular, has a role in cognitive proc ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... For the axonal tension model, as originally formulated, neuronal pathways connecting gyri should be denser than those connecting sulci (inward folds). Some data supports this notion, though the results may be a matter of defining which surrounding regions belong to gyri and which belong to sulci [8] ...
... For the axonal tension model, as originally formulated, neuronal pathways connecting gyri should be denser than those connecting sulci (inward folds). Some data supports this notion, though the results may be a matter of defining which surrounding regions belong to gyri and which belong to sulci [8] ...
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... PFC (11, 87). Recent research, however, has revealed the role of this area in the control of a much broader spectrum of behavior. We discuss the functional role of the LPFC from the perspective of the executive control of behavior on the premise that the entire frontal cortex is primarily devoted to ...
... PFC (11, 87). Recent research, however, has revealed the role of this area in the control of a much broader spectrum of behavior. We discuss the functional role of the LPFC from the perspective of the executive control of behavior on the premise that the entire frontal cortex is primarily devoted to ...
cerebral cortex - Global Anatomy Home Page
... 1) BLOOD SUPPLY. You will see a very large number of patients with deficits resulting from problems with the blood supply of the cerebral hemispheres (cortex, internal capsule, and basal ganglia) even if you don’t become a neurologist or neurosurgeon. You should overlearn this material to the point ...
... 1) BLOOD SUPPLY. You will see a very large number of patients with deficits resulting from problems with the blood supply of the cerebral hemispheres (cortex, internal capsule, and basal ganglia) even if you don’t become a neurologist or neurosurgeon. You should overlearn this material to the point ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... Pandya, 1984; Cavada and Goldman-Rakic, 1989). Strong interactions also exist between the prefrontal areas and structures involved in motor control (motor areas, basal ganglia; Alexander et al., 1986; Barbas and Pandya, 1987). Note that the PFC is not connected to the primary sensory and motor areas ...
... Pandya, 1984; Cavada and Goldman-Rakic, 1989). Strong interactions also exist between the prefrontal areas and structures involved in motor control (motor areas, basal ganglia; Alexander et al., 1986; Barbas and Pandya, 1987). Note that the PFC is not connected to the primary sensory and motor areas ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... Fig. 2. The dlPFC microcircuits underlying spatial working memory as discovered by Goldman-Rakic. A schematized figure illustrating a simplified version of the neuronal microcircuitry thought to contribute to spatial working memory. The dlPFC receives DA inputs to layers I–III and V–VI, likely from ...
... Fig. 2. The dlPFC microcircuits underlying spatial working memory as discovered by Goldman-Rakic. A schematized figure illustrating a simplified version of the neuronal microcircuitry thought to contribute to spatial working memory. The dlPFC receives DA inputs to layers I–III and V–VI, likely from ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... The primate cerebral cortex is characterized by regional variation in the structure of pyramidal neurons, with more complex dendritic arbors and greater spine density observed in prefrontal compared with sensory and motor cortices. Although there are several investigations in humans and other primat ...
... The primate cerebral cortex is characterized by regional variation in the structure of pyramidal neurons, with more complex dendritic arbors and greater spine density observed in prefrontal compared with sensory and motor cortices. Although there are several investigations in humans and other primat ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... is through synapsing with at least some inhibitory neurons in other areas, which then inhibit neighboring neurons. Or, prefrontal pathways may target inhibitory systems, allowing disinhibition of other systems and triggering diverse outcomes. This review focuses on circuits established by prefrontal ...
... is through synapsing with at least some inhibitory neurons in other areas, which then inhibit neighboring neurons. Or, prefrontal pathways may target inhibitory systems, allowing disinhibition of other systems and triggering diverse outcomes. This review focuses on circuits established by prefrontal ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 199 ...
... Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 199 ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... neuroimaging study reduce to a statement that there has been a change in the measured blood flow ‘signal’ in certain areas of the brain under the conditions studied. ...
... neuroimaging study reduce to a statement that there has been a change in the measured blood flow ‘signal’ in certain areas of the brain under the conditions studied. ...
neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial
... pattern is observed. The posterior boundary of the dorsal mPFC is marked by a much denser layer II and a layer III which is clearly distinguishable from both layers II and V. Parcellation for the entire study was conducted for groups of litter-matched animals by a single experimenter who was blind t ...
... pattern is observed. The posterior boundary of the dorsal mPFC is marked by a much denser layer II and a layer III which is clearly distinguishable from both layers II and V. Parcellation for the entire study was conducted for groups of litter-matched animals by a single experimenter who was blind t ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... maintenance. The working memory--related increase in firing rate was due mostly to regular-spiking putative pyramidal neurons. Unexpectedly, the selectivity of neurons for stimulus properties and the ability of neurons to discriminate between stimuli decreased as the information about stimulus prope ...
... maintenance. The working memory--related increase in firing rate was due mostly to regular-spiking putative pyramidal neurons. Unexpectedly, the selectivity of neurons for stimulus properties and the ability of neurons to discriminate between stimuli decreased as the information about stimulus prope ...
Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
PREFRONTAL AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE INTERACTIONS IN
... sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as patterns of neuronal activity primarily in entorhinal cortex, and during encoding this activity spreads through subregions of the hippocampus into region CA3 ...
... sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as patterns of neuronal activity primarily in entorhinal cortex, and during encoding this activity spreads through subregions of the hippocampus into region CA3 ...
(2003). Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe interactions in
... sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as patterns of neuronal activity primarily in entorhinal cortex, and during encoding this activity spreads through subregions of the hippocampus into region CA3 ...
... sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as patterns of neuronal activity primarily in entorhinal cortex, and during encoding this activity spreads through subregions of the hippocampus into region CA3 ...
Cross-modal and cross-temporal association in neurons of frontal
... evidence that the cell belongs to the cortical network representing the two associated stimuli in long-term memory (paired crossmodal association). Most units in the sample of 325 showed changes of ®ring frequency in temporal relation to one or more task events or periods, although most of these cha ...
... evidence that the cell belongs to the cortical network representing the two associated stimuli in long-term memory (paired crossmodal association). Most units in the sample of 325 showed changes of ®ring frequency in temporal relation to one or more task events or periods, although most of these cha ...
Supplemental Information for Free D
... In the prefrontal cortex of Ddo-/- mice, pyramidal neurons show unchanged basal dendritic length (P>0.05, Student’s t test, Suppl. Fig. 3a) while apical dendritic length was significantly increased (P<0.05, Suppl. Fig. 3b), compared to Ddo+/+ littermates. Analysis of spine density measured along bot ...
... In the prefrontal cortex of Ddo-/- mice, pyramidal neurons show unchanged basal dendritic length (P>0.05, Student’s t test, Suppl. Fig. 3a) while apical dendritic length was significantly increased (P<0.05, Suppl. Fig. 3b), compared to Ddo+/+ littermates. Analysis of spine density measured along bot ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
... and traumatic brain injury in the former, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in the latter two). This may introduce confounds, in that the patient populations may differ systematically in other respects, such as older age and history of vascular risk factors in the case of ischemic stroke and the possib ...
... and traumatic brain injury in the former, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in the latter two). This may introduce confounds, in that the patient populations may differ systematically in other respects, such as older age and history of vascular risk factors in the case of ischemic stroke and the possib ...
Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe. The PFC contains Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11, 12, 46, and 47.Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. Destruction of the anterior two-thirds results in deficits in concentration, orientation, abstracting ability, judgment, and problem solving ability; destruction of the orbital (frontal) lobe results in inappropriate social behavior.The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social ""control"" (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes).Frontal cortex supports concrete rule learning. More anterior regions along the rostro-caudal axis of frontal cortex support rule learning at higher levels of abstraction.