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BIOT–SAVART–LAPLACE LAW
BIOT–SAVART–LAPLACE LAW

... The integral here is a 1D line integral over the line W of the wire, which we follow in the direction of the electric current I. In my notations, r is the point where we measure the magnetic field B(r), while r′ is the point on a wire over which we integrate, and dr′ is the infinitesimal line elemen ...
Repeat proteins challenge the concept of structural domains
Repeat proteins challenge the concept of structural domains

Identifying Properties of Photosynthesis Notes File
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... The Calvin Cycle uses NADPH and ATP from the Light Reaction to _____________Carbon Dioxide to a six Carbon Sugar Molecule. ...
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Condensation Dynamics of the L-Pro-L-Phe and
Condensation Dynamics of the L-Pro-L-Phe and

... time range of the measurements (i.e. 250 h) is given. Respective plots show the time changes of the peak heights for L-Pro (1), L-Phe (2) and the main peptidization product (3). General observation is that at the first stage of the experiment (up to ca. 75 h), concentrations of L-Pro and L-Phe non-mo ...
Chapter 17 notes
Chapter 17 notes

... test charge: a charged object, placed in the system to determine whether there is an electric field at a particular point. vector field : a vector quantity associated with every point in a region of space, different at different points. In ~ at any point, depends on all the coordinates of the point. ...
Chapter 17 notes
Chapter 17 notes

Uncertainty calculation
Uncertainty calculation

... Where, uCz is the standard uncertainty associated with the preparation of the stock standard, Cz is the molar fraction of the peptide stock standard, umx is the uncertainty associated with the mass of protein solution used, mx is the mass of protein solution used, umy is the uncertainty associated w ...
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qq25

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... Answer: (c). Moving from B to C decreases the electric potential by 2 V, so the electric field performs 2 J of work on each coulomb of positive charge that moves. Moving from C to D decreases the electric potential by 1 V, so 1 J of work is done by the field. It takes no work to move the charge from ...
Lecture notes
Lecture notes

... Just like gravity electric force can do work work does not depend on the path it depends only on the initial and final position  there is a potential energy associated with electric field. ...
Project Haystack: The Search for Life in the Galaxy
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... brainstorm together. The only clue that they have to work with is their ability to rank the modes of travel from slowest to fastest! You may be surprised at their choices! Teacher Information: The speed of the Voyager spacecraft is actually variable. It left Earth with a velocity of about 97,000 km/ ...
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... industry has had to respond with advances in lithographic techniques that would allow for the fabrication of increasingly smaller features in their semiconductors. This is achieved by employing slightly more energetic light with each new generation of lithographic processes. In order to be able to u ...
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Taming instability of magnetic field in chiral medium

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Gene Column Cleaning Procedures

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Circular dichroism



Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand circular (RHC) polarized light represent two possible spin angular momentum states for a photon, and so circular dichroism is also referred to as dichroism for spin angular momentum. This phenomenon was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Biot, Augustin Fresnel, and Aimé Cotton in the first half of the 19th century. It is exhibited in the absorption bands of optically active chiral molecules. CD spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in many different fields. Most notably, UV CD is used to investigate the secondary structure of proteins. UV/Vis CD is used to investigate charge-transfer transitions. Near-infrared CD is used to investigate geometric and electronic structure by probing metal d→d transitions. Vibrational circular dichroism, which uses light from the infrared energy region, is used for structural studies of small organic molecules, and most recently proteins and DNA.
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