Download Identifying Properties of Photosynthesis Notes File

ABS
Identifying the properties of
Photosynthesis
100 pts.
Name: ______________________________________
Date: _______________________________________
Class Hour: __________________________________
Identifying the Properties of Photosynthesis
What is
photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is:
•
This conversion of the Sun’s energy into ___________ energy is the
single most important reaction on earth, and could be called
•
THE _______________ OF LIFE.
Photosynthesis
What are the
differences
between
photosynthesis
and respiration?
One of the main differences between plants and animals is the ability
of plants to ______________ their own food.
•
Photosynthesis - Respiration Comparison
Photosynthesis
•
Occurs only in green plants
•
Occurs only in green plant cells
•
Proceeds only in ___________
•
Food is __________
•
Increases dry weight
•
CO2, H2O are used
•
Produces _____________ and O2
•
Stores energy in sugar
•
ATP & NADPH produced
•
ATP and NADPH used in sugar
_______________
Respiration
•
Occurs in all plants and
__________
•
Occurs in all ________cells
•
Proceeds in light and darkness
•
Food is ____________
•
Decreases dry weight
•
___________ and O2 are used
•
Produces CO2 and H2O
•
Releases ___________
•
ATP produced
•
ATP and NADPH used for many
reactions
What is the
importance of
chlorophyll in
photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis
•
In Photosynthesis Light energy is captured by
____________contained in green tissue of plants, mainly the leaves,
•
And is used to convert carbon dioxide CO2 from the air and water H2O
from the soil & atmosphere into _____________________ which
are stored in the plant for future use.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chlorophyll molecule of the chloroplasts in
the leaves of green plants and photosynthetic bacteria
What are
carbohydrates
used for in the
plant cells?
•
Plant Cell with _______________
•
Algae Cell with Chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis
•
The carbohydrate is stored inside cell vacuoles until use in several
metabolic processes:
•
______________ - glucose to pyruvic acid
•
Respiratory metabolism
•
Metabolic maintenance - growth of plant cells and tissues
Photosynthesis
Where does
photosynthesis
take place?
•
Photosynthesis takes place in the ____________________ of the
cells. The Structure of the Chloroplasts
What are the
requirements for
photosynthesis?
•
Plant Cell
•
The Leaf & Photosynthesis
Requirements for Photosynthesis
•
1. Healthy, living, green plant
•
2. ________________
•
3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
•
4. ________________
What are the
factors that
affect
photosynthesis?
Why is light
quality a factor in
photosynthesis?
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
•
1. Light Quality
•
2. ________________
•
3. Light Duration
•
4. Carbon Dioxide Concentration
•
5. ____________________
•
6. Water Availability
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
1. Light Quality
•
Light is required for the process of photosynthesis
•
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll capable of intercepting light and
converting electromagnetic energy to chemical energy.
•
Chlorophyll molecules ___________mostly red (700 nm) and blue
(450 nm) light and reflect green light (that is why plants look green to
the human eye).
Light Waves & Photosynthesis
Light Spectrum
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Why is light
intensity a factor
that affects
photosynthesis?
2. Light Intensity
•
______________ the rate of photosynthesis.
•
Some species require high light intensity
•
“Sun-_____________ plants”
•
Corn, turf
•
Some species do not require high light intensity
•
“_____________-loving plants”
•
Forest floors, house ornamentals
Factors affecting Photosynthesis
3. Light Duration
Why is light
Duration a factor
that affects
photosynthesis?
•
A plants photosynthetic production is directly proportional to the
______________ of day.
•
The longer the leaves ___________ light, the longer they
photosynthesize and the faster the plant grows.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Why is carbon
dioxide
concentration a
factor that
affects
photosynthesis?
4. CO2 Carbon Dioxide Concentration
•
Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in the air surrounding the leaves
affects photosynthesis.
•
_____________ atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are 0.03% and
O2 are 21% .
•
Experiments have shown increases in atmospheric CO2 can
___________photosynthesis rates.
•
•
Increasing CO2 to 0.1% will double the photosynthesis rate in
wheat, rice, and some vegetables.
The exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide in the leaf occurs through
pores called stoma
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Why is
temperature a
factor that
affects
photosynthesis?
Why is water
availability a
factor that
affects
photosynthesis?
5. Temperature
•
As a general rule, if light is not limiting, photosynthesis rates will
double for each 18oF ______________ in temperature
•
Excessively ___________ temperatures (>100o ) will reduce
photosynthesis by causing stoma closure (no uptake of CO2)
•
__________________ is optimum
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
6. Water Availability
•
Excessive soil moisture _____________root respiration and limits
photosynthesis in leaves
•
Water ___________ conditions (low soil moisture; hot, drying winds)
•
Plants transpire water faster than it can be absorbed through roots
•
Leaves wilt and gas exchange (CO2 and O2) is restricted thus
decreasing photosynthesis rates
What is the
equation for
photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis - Equation
General Reaction
Carbon Dioxide + Water –Light EnergyGlucose (sugar) + Water + Oxygen
6CO2 + 12H2O –Light Energy C6H12O6 + H2O + 6O2
Discussing the Equation
•
Six molecules of carbon dioxide react with
•
twelve molecules of water
•
in the presence of light and a green plant
to produce:
•
one molecule of glucose (carbohydrate)
•
six molecules of water and
•
six molecule of oxygen
Products of Photosynthesis
What are the
products of
photosynthesis?
•
Carbohydrates
•
______________
•
Oxygen
What are two
part reactions of
the overall
process of
photosynthesis?
The Chemistry of Photosynthesis
•
The process of photosynthesis is stated in simple equations, but the
total process is extremely complex.
•
The overall process is separated into two parts:
•
_________ Reactions (Hill Reaction)
•
___________Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
The Light and Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis.
What is the Light
or Hill Reaction?
Light Reaction (Hill Reaction)
•
What does the
light or Hill
reaction produce?
What is the Zscheme or
photosynthesis?
In the Light Reaction, energy in the form of light received by
chlorophyll is used to:
•
1.) _________ (NADP+) to NADPH.
•
2.) Provide __________ energy through the production of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate
(ADP).
•
3.) The water molecule is _______ to produce O2 and H+
The Z-Scheme of Photosynthesis
•
A chlorophyll photo-active center (PSII) in the granum is activated by
light and splits the water molecule into O2 and H+.
•
As the Energy is passed downhill, ATP is formed. ATP is energy.
•
A second photo-active center (PSI) receives light, and releases
energy, delivering electrons to form NADPH.
Please draw one of the Z-schemes examples of Photosynthesis:
What are the
three basic parts
of the Light or
Hill reaction?
Where does the
Light or Hill
reaction occur?
Light Reaction - Hill Reaction Notes:
•
1. Light energy is received by chlorophyll and used to reduce NADP to
NADPH..
•
2. ______________ of ATP
•
3. The water molecule is split to produce Oxygen.
Light Reaction - Hill Reaction Notes:
•
The Hill Reaction occurs in the Granum of the Chloroplast.
•
Requires Light
Light Reaction
Hill Reaction
Dark Reaction
Calvin Cycle
The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis stop when the sun goes down.
The Dark Reaction
is known as the Calvin Cycle
What is the Dark
reaction or Calvin
Cycle?
Where does the
Dark reaction or
Calvin Cycle
occur?
Dark Reaction - Calvin Cycle
•
The Calvin Cycle is the Carbon-Fixing Cycle of Photosynthesis. It does
not require _________________
•
It may proceed in light or dark.
Dark Reaction - Calvin Cycle
•
The Calvin Cycle takes place in the________________ of the
chloroplast.
Dark Reaction - Calvin Cycle
•
The Calvin Cycle uses NADPH and ATP from the Light Reaction to
_____________Carbon Dioxide to a six Carbon Sugar Molecule.
Dark Reaction - Calvin Cycle
•
Carbon dioxide molecules from the air enter the cycle one cycle at a
time, making six turns of the cycle necessary to produce one molecule
of (sugar) glucose, C6H12O6.
What are the 2
basic parts of the
Calvin Cycle?
Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)
•
In the Dark Reaction of Photosynthesis,
•
1. Carbon taken into the plant as CO2 from the air accepts the
energy, ATP & NADPH from light reaction.
•
2.This energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates,
(Glucose).
Calvin Cycle Notes
Summary
•
Does not require _____________
•
May ____________in light or dark.
•
Occurs in the ____________ of the Chloroplast.
•
Uses NADPH & ATP from the light reaction to _____________CO2
to a 6 carbon sugar.