Physics 321 Final Exam May 1, `09
... 6. (5 Pts.) Circle the quantities below that are extensive thermodynamic variables: U ...
... 6. (5 Pts.) Circle the quantities below that are extensive thermodynamic variables: U ...
2. THERMODYNAMICS and ENSEMBLES (Part A) Introduction
... to apply because it attempt to yield such detailed description. In the present chapter, we shall confine ourselves to the development of the formal structure of equilibrium statistical mechanics. In doing so, we shall, unfortunately, have a limited scope of discussing the application of these method ...
... to apply because it attempt to yield such detailed description. In the present chapter, we shall confine ourselves to the development of the formal structure of equilibrium statistical mechanics. In doing so, we shall, unfortunately, have a limited scope of discussing the application of these method ...
Consider the following chemical equilibrium A B
... NO2 gas. (c) Eventually the color stops changing as N2O4(g) and NO2(g) reach concentrations at which they are interconverting at the same rate. The two gases are in equilibrium. ...
... NO2 gas. (c) Eventually the color stops changing as N2O4(g) and NO2(g) reach concentrations at which they are interconverting at the same rate. The two gases are in equilibrium. ...
Fundamentals of chemical thermodynamics and bioenergetics
... energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics: the increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat transferred to it and work done on it. This law may be written in form: ΔU ...
... energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics: the increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat transferred to it and work done on it. This law may be written in form: ΔU ...
Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics
... c) The mean surface temperature T on Venus is a scorching 740K as compared to only 288K for Earth; the surface pressure is 90 times that on Earth. By what factor is the density of the near-surface Venusian atmosphere greater or less than that of Earth? 5. Two sealed containers with volumes V1 and V2 ...
... c) The mean surface temperature T on Venus is a scorching 740K as compared to only 288K for Earth; the surface pressure is 90 times that on Earth. By what factor is the density of the near-surface Venusian atmosphere greater or less than that of Earth? 5. Two sealed containers with volumes V1 and V2 ...
fundamentals of classical and statistical
... • The relationships based upon it are completely independent of any microscopic explanation of chemical and physical phenomena. Classical thermodynamics is based on the four laws of thermodynamics. In thermodynamics we are concerned with the behavior of vast quantities of particles in the substances ...
... • The relationships based upon it are completely independent of any microscopic explanation of chemical and physical phenomena. Classical thermodynamics is based on the four laws of thermodynamics. In thermodynamics we are concerned with the behavior of vast quantities of particles in the substances ...
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
... An isolated system does not exchange energy with the surroundings in the form of work as well as heat. Hence dQ = 0 and dW = 0. Then the first law of thermodynamics reduces to dE = 0 or E2 = E1 that is energy of an isolated system ...
... An isolated system does not exchange energy with the surroundings in the form of work as well as heat. Hence dQ = 0 and dW = 0. Then the first law of thermodynamics reduces to dE = 0 or E2 = E1 that is energy of an isolated system ...
NOTES on THERMODYNAMICS - University of Utah Physics
... matical structure is then constructed on the basis of these observations, which leads to a variety of useful concepts, and to testable relationships among various quantities. The laws of thermodynamics can only be justified by a more fundamental (microscopic) theory of nature. For example, statistica ...
... matical structure is then constructed on the basis of these observations, which leads to a variety of useful concepts, and to testable relationships among various quantities. The laws of thermodynamics can only be justified by a more fundamental (microscopic) theory of nature. For example, statistica ...
Work and Energy
... 15.7 Entropy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Example – A sample of 50 kg of water at 20oC is mixed with 50 kg at 24oC. The final temperature is 22oC. Estimate the change in Entropy. ...
... 15.7 Entropy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Example – A sample of 50 kg of water at 20oC is mixed with 50 kg at 24oC. The final temperature is 22oC. Estimate the change in Entropy. ...
13.7 The Connection between Classical and Statistical
... Alternative Statistical Models • Microcanonical ensemble: treats a single material sample of volume V consisting of an assembly of N particles with fixed total energy U. The independent variables are V, N, and U. • The canonical ensemble: considers a collection of Na identical assemblies, each of v ...
... Alternative Statistical Models • Microcanonical ensemble: treats a single material sample of volume V consisting of an assembly of N particles with fixed total energy U. The independent variables are V, N, and U. • The canonical ensemble: considers a collection of Na identical assemblies, each of v ...
Entropy in chemical thermodynamics
... The second law can also be used to predict whether a physical process will proceed spontaneously. Spontaneous changes in isolated systems occur with an increase in entropy. Correspondence The statistical definition of entropy matches up with the thermodynamic formula for calculating entropy, because ...
... The second law can also be used to predict whether a physical process will proceed spontaneously. Spontaneous changes in isolated systems occur with an increase in entropy. Correspondence The statistical definition of entropy matches up with the thermodynamic formula for calculating entropy, because ...
Nano Mechanics and Materials: Theory, Multiscale Methods
... The temperature is introduced as a parameter, which: 1) serves as an intrinsic characteristic of any equilibrium system (similar to V and P) 2) determines thermodynamic equilibrium between two systems in thermal contact Thus, it is postulated that: If two adiabatically isolated systems in equilibriu ...
... The temperature is introduced as a parameter, which: 1) serves as an intrinsic characteristic of any equilibrium system (similar to V and P) 2) determines thermodynamic equilibrium between two systems in thermal contact Thus, it is postulated that: If two adiabatically isolated systems in equilibriu ...
Overview
... substance are determined from its molecular attributes. Usually the allowed energies of a substance, E1, E2,... are known from a theoretical model and a clever averaging process produces expressions for thermodynamic variables like average energy, pressure, and temperature. Statistical mechanics, ho ...
... substance are determined from its molecular attributes. Usually the allowed energies of a substance, E1, E2,... are known from a theoretical model and a clever averaging process produces expressions for thermodynamic variables like average energy, pressure, and temperature. Statistical mechanics, ho ...
ONSAGER`S VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND ITS APPLICATIONS
... which is called the Onsager-Machlup action. Note that Ṡ+Ṡ ∗ is still linear in {α̇i }. Onsager’s variational principle states that for an open system, the state evolution equations can be obtained by maximizing the Onsager-Machlup action O with respect to the rates {α̇i }. This principle serves as ...
... which is called the Onsager-Machlup action. Note that Ṡ+Ṡ ∗ is still linear in {α̇i }. Onsager’s variational principle states that for an open system, the state evolution equations can be obtained by maximizing the Onsager-Machlup action O with respect to the rates {α̇i }. This principle serves as ...
HERE - MRS. STOTTS CHEMISTRY
... picture). We have seen what happens on the molecular scale. How do they relate? We use statistics (probability) to relate them. The field is called ____________ ______________ _____________: A single possible arrangement of position and kinetic energy of molecules Entropy Change-12 Since entropy is ...
... picture). We have seen what happens on the molecular scale. How do they relate? We use statistics (probability) to relate them. The field is called ____________ ______________ _____________: A single possible arrangement of position and kinetic energy of molecules Entropy Change-12 Since entropy is ...
Chapter 2. Entropy and Temperature
... This is the general condition for thermal equilibrium. In more complex physical systems there may be other constraints used to specify the system. The fixed quantity N used above symbolizes all of these possible constraints in the more general case. ...
... This is the general condition for thermal equilibrium. In more complex physical systems there may be other constraints used to specify the system. The fixed quantity N used above symbolizes all of these possible constraints in the more general case. ...
Introduction to Physical Chemistry
... Assuming that the gas is ideal (that is, there are not intermolecular forces and the individual gas particles occupy no volume), the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) can be used to evaluate the derivatives that appear in the differential of P. Insert the expressions you found for the ideal gas law on page 1 i ...
... Assuming that the gas is ideal (that is, there are not intermolecular forces and the individual gas particles occupy no volume), the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) can be used to evaluate the derivatives that appear in the differential of P. Insert the expressions you found for the ideal gas law on page 1 i ...
Combustion Chemistry
... The first reaction gives greater heat release, but the second reaction produces more entropy. So, how does the reaction know when to stop? ...
... The first reaction gives greater heat release, but the second reaction produces more entropy. So, how does the reaction know when to stop? ...
Ch 20 Thermodynamics
... Exothermic change: Heat is lost by the system and gained by the surroundings. q sys< 0 , q surr >0, ∆ Ssurr > 0 Endothermic Change: Heat gained by the system is lost by the surroundings. q sys> 0 , q surr <0, ∆ Ssurr < 0 The change is entropy of the surroundings is α opposite charge in the hea ...
... Exothermic change: Heat is lost by the system and gained by the surroundings. q sys< 0 , q surr >0, ∆ Ssurr > 0 Endothermic Change: Heat gained by the system is lost by the surroundings. q sys> 0 , q surr <0, ∆ Ssurr < 0 The change is entropy of the surroundings is α opposite charge in the hea ...
Introduction to Biophysical Chemistry
... The examinations must be taken individually and without discussion among students. Ombudsman Meeting A student representative will be chosen to serve as a liaison between the class and the CCE Executive Officer (Dr. M. Okumura) and the CCE Division Curriculum and Undergraduate Studies Committee. If ...
... The examinations must be taken individually and without discussion among students. Ombudsman Meeting A student representative will be chosen to serve as a liaison between the class and the CCE Executive Officer (Dr. M. Okumura) and the CCE Division Curriculum and Undergraduate Studies Committee. If ...