Efficiency and Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)
... Remember that the constant temperature, constant pressure assumption used here is not really as restrictive as it seems. The only limitation is that the temperature and pressure do not vary during the reaction process. Since fuel cells usually operate at constant temperature and pressure, this assu ...
... Remember that the constant temperature, constant pressure assumption used here is not really as restrictive as it seems. The only limitation is that the temperature and pressure do not vary during the reaction process. Since fuel cells usually operate at constant temperature and pressure, this assu ...
Maxwell Relations
... The Four Maxwell relations have a very wide range of applications . They apply to all kind of substances (solids,liquids,gases)under all type of conditions of Pressure, volume and temperature. Before Discussing applications We define some thermodynamic terms e.g ...
... The Four Maxwell relations have a very wide range of applications . They apply to all kind of substances (solids,liquids,gases)under all type of conditions of Pressure, volume and temperature. Before Discussing applications We define some thermodynamic terms e.g ...
Slide 1 - KaiserScience
... then depends on how many microstates are in it. The number of microstates quickly becomes very large if we have even 100 coins instead of four; the table on the next slide lists some macrostates, how many microstates they have, and the relative probability that each macrostate will occur. Note that ...
... then depends on how many microstates are in it. The number of microstates quickly becomes very large if we have even 100 coins instead of four; the table on the next slide lists some macrostates, how many microstates they have, and the relative probability that each macrostate will occur. Note that ...
Slide 1
... then depends on how many microstates are in it. The number of microstates quickly becomes very large if we have even 100 coins instead of four; the table on the next slide lists some macrostates, how many microstates they have, and the relative probability that each macrostate will occur. Note that ...
... then depends on how many microstates are in it. The number of microstates quickly becomes very large if we have even 100 coins instead of four; the table on the next slide lists some macrostates, how many microstates they have, and the relative probability that each macrostate will occur. Note that ...
Ch15Thermo (1)
... then depends on how many microstates are in it. The number of microstates quickly becomes very large if we have even 100 coins instead of four; the table on the next slide lists some macrostates, how many microstates they have, and the relative probability that each macrostate will occur. Note that ...
... then depends on how many microstates are in it. The number of microstates quickly becomes very large if we have even 100 coins instead of four; the table on the next slide lists some macrostates, how many microstates they have, and the relative probability that each macrostate will occur. Note that ...
Thermodynamics
... during a thermodynamic process. • In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same. • Since entropy gives information about the evolution of an isolated system with time, it is said to give us the direction of "time's arrow“. ...
... during a thermodynamic process. • In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same. • Since entropy gives information about the evolution of an isolated system with time, it is said to give us the direction of "time's arrow“. ...
Statistical Physics Exam - FU Berlin
... (b) for melting ? lower in mixture 6. (2P) In a phase diagram, what is meant by a (a) triple point? Point (pressure and temperaure) where solid, liquid and gas phase coexist. (b) critical point? Point (pressure and temperaure) where liquid and gas phase cannot be distinduished (refelxion point in va ...
... (b) for melting ? lower in mixture 6. (2P) In a phase diagram, what is meant by a (a) triple point? Point (pressure and temperaure) where solid, liquid and gas phase coexist. (b) critical point? Point (pressure and temperaure) where liquid and gas phase cannot be distinduished (refelxion point in va ...
Quantum spin liquids
... SU(2) spins. This process, which for the anyon theories is often called fusion, has to obey very similar rules as those for combining two conventional SU(2) spins. In particular, they have to obey the so-called fusion rules which also incorporate the cut-off k in a consistent way min[i+j,2k i j] ...
... SU(2) spins. This process, which for the anyon theories is often called fusion, has to obey very similar rules as those for combining two conventional SU(2) spins. In particular, they have to obey the so-called fusion rules which also incorporate the cut-off k in a consistent way min[i+j,2k i j] ...
Enthalpy In A Box: Teaching Open Vs. Closed System Work Terms
... abstract properties due primarily to difficulty in physical comprehension. Unlike entropy however, one could argue that enthalpy does not bring as much to the table. After all, it is defined, somewhat arbitrarily, from properties that students generally already have a good physical handle on. i.e. P ...
... abstract properties due primarily to difficulty in physical comprehension. Unlike entropy however, one could argue that enthalpy does not bring as much to the table. After all, it is defined, somewhat arbitrarily, from properties that students generally already have a good physical handle on. i.e. P ...
The Ideal Gas Law and the Kinetic Theory of Gasses
... temperature process. For a process to be isothermal, any heat flow into or out of the system must occur slowly enough that the thermal equilibrium is maintained. In general, none of the three quantities are zero. We can see all these processes on a pV diagram: ...
... temperature process. For a process to be isothermal, any heat flow into or out of the system must occur slowly enough that the thermal equilibrium is maintained. In general, none of the three quantities are zero. We can see all these processes on a pV diagram: ...
MS PowerPoint - Catalysis Eprints database
... The first law can be stated in several other ways. It has been accepted that the perpetual motion of the first kind is impossible. This means that the production of energy of a particular type with out the disappearance of an equivalent of energy of another from is impossible. So far no machine coul ...
... The first law can be stated in several other ways. It has been accepted that the perpetual motion of the first kind is impossible. This means that the production of energy of a particular type with out the disappearance of an equivalent of energy of another from is impossible. So far no machine coul ...
heat engine
... A monatomic ideal gas has an initial temperature of 585 K. This gas expands and does the same amount of work whether the expansion is adiabatic or isothermal. When the expansion is adiabatic, the final temperature of the gas is 166 K. What is the ratio of the final to the initial volume when the exp ...
... A monatomic ideal gas has an initial temperature of 585 K. This gas expands and does the same amount of work whether the expansion is adiabatic or isothermal. When the expansion is adiabatic, the final temperature of the gas is 166 K. What is the ratio of the final to the initial volume when the exp ...
Laws of thermodynamics
... air. It is more convenient to retain the gas constant of dry air and use a fictitious temperature in the ideal gas equation. This fictitious temperature is called “virtual temperature”. This is the temperature that dry air must have in order to has the same density as the moist air at the same press ...
... air. It is more convenient to retain the gas constant of dry air and use a fictitious temperature in the ideal gas equation. This fictitious temperature is called “virtual temperature”. This is the temperature that dry air must have in order to has the same density as the moist air at the same press ...
Free Energy. Thermodynamic Identities. Phase
... There is, of course, the internal energy U which is just the total energy of the system. The internal energy is of principal importance because it is conserved; more precisely its change is controlled by the first law. A second energy type of quantity is the enthalpy H = U +P V which is the energy n ...
... There is, of course, the internal energy U which is just the total energy of the system. The internal energy is of principal importance because it is conserved; more precisely its change is controlled by the first law. A second energy type of quantity is the enthalpy H = U +P V which is the energy n ...
Chemical Thermodynamics John Murrell Introduction
... reversibility in thermodynamics is associated with an idealized experiment in which we have a system in equilibrium, and any external influences move the position of the equilibrium very slowly. Chemical reactions can be carried out reversibly or irreversibly, and the heat or work that can be extrac ...
... reversibility in thermodynamics is associated with an idealized experiment in which we have a system in equilibrium, and any external influences move the position of the equilibrium very slowly. Chemical reactions can be carried out reversibly or irreversibly, and the heat or work that can be extrac ...
Meaning of Entropy in Classical Thermodynamics
... textbooks, this difficulty is circumvented by defining reversible, internally reversible, and externally or fully reversible processes [12,13]. Uffink, in his criticism of the liberal extrapolation of the Second Law to the concept of the Arrow of Time, points out the problem with the opaque distinct ...
... textbooks, this difficulty is circumvented by defining reversible, internally reversible, and externally or fully reversible processes [12,13]. Uffink, in his criticism of the liberal extrapolation of the Second Law to the concept of the Arrow of Time, points out the problem with the opaque distinct ...
DOI:10.1478/C1S0801002 Atti dell’Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti
... the observer. Material frame indifference means that the constitutive mapping is observerindependent and that a uniform motion of the material with respect to a standard frame of reference does not influence material properties. Standard frame dependence means that material properties depend on the ...
... the observer. Material frame indifference means that the constitutive mapping is observerindependent and that a uniform motion of the material with respect to a standard frame of reference does not influence material properties. Standard frame dependence means that material properties depend on the ...
Equilibrium Thermodynamics
... - Average properties: properties (such as volume, pressure, temperature etc) that do not depend on the detailed positions and velocities of atoms and molecules of macroscopic matter. Such quantities are called thermodynamic coordinates, variables or parameters. - Equilibrium: state of a macroscopi ...
... - Average properties: properties (such as volume, pressure, temperature etc) that do not depend on the detailed positions and velocities of atoms and molecules of macroscopic matter. Such quantities are called thermodynamic coordinates, variables or parameters. - Equilibrium: state of a macroscopi ...
The Third Law of Quantum Thermodynamics in the Presence of
... The third law of thermodynamics carries prominent consequences for quantum mechanics and lowtemperature physics. It means that all the thermodynamical quantities vanish when the temperature approaches the absolute zero. Great progress in the thermodynamics attributed to this law has been witnessed i ...
... The third law of thermodynamics carries prominent consequences for quantum mechanics and lowtemperature physics. It means that all the thermodynamical quantities vanish when the temperature approaches the absolute zero. Great progress in the thermodynamics attributed to this law has been witnessed i ...
Thermodynamic Laws, Entropy and CPH Theory
... central to the first law of thermodynamics, which deals with the conservation of energy, the concept of entropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics, which deals with physical processes and whether they occur spontaneously. Spontaneous changes occur with an increase in entropy. In simple ...
... central to the first law of thermodynamics, which deals with the conservation of energy, the concept of entropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics, which deals with physical processes and whether they occur spontaneously. Spontaneous changes occur with an increase in entropy. In simple ...
The first and second law of Thermodynamics - Ole Witt
... In the figure above is shown a machine M, which does the work W. The machine consumes the heat Q1 at temperature T1, and let out the heat Q2 at temperature T2 , performing the work W. Assuming that W > Wrev , we intend to show that it leads to a contradiction to the second, law in the Kelvin-Planck ...
... In the figure above is shown a machine M, which does the work W. The machine consumes the heat Q1 at temperature T1, and let out the heat Q2 at temperature T2 , performing the work W. Assuming that W > Wrev , we intend to show that it leads to a contradiction to the second, law in the Kelvin-Planck ...
H-theorem
In classical statistical mechanics, the H-theorem, introduced by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, describes the tendency to increase in the quantity H (defined below) in a nearly-ideal gas of molecules. As this quantity H was meant to represent the entropy of thermodynamics, the H-theorem was an early demonstration of the power of statistical mechanics as it claimed to derive the second law of thermodynamics—a statement about fundamentally irreversible processes—from reversible microscopic mechanics.The H-theorem is a natural consequence of the kinetic equation derived by Boltzmann that has come to be known as Boltzmann's equation. The H-theorem has led to considerable discussion about its actual implications, with major themes being: What is entropy? In what sense does Boltzmann's quantity H correspond to the thermodynamic entropy? Are the assumptions (such as the Stosszahlansatz described below) behind Boltzmann's equation too strong? When are these assumptions violated?↑