• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Inter 1-4
Inter 1-4

... Fringes with white light When white light is used the center fringe at O is white since all waves will constructively interfere here while the fringes on the both side of O are colored because the fringe width () depends on wavelength of light. Position of nth bright fringe for different  are: ...
Lecture 10: Surface Plasmon Excitation
Lecture 10: Surface Plasmon Excitation

... rikp = % zi $ zk & % zi + zk & ' !i !k ( ' !i !k ( ...
en_20160128_lzh_pm_hymnos_final
en_20160128_lzh_pm_hymnos_final

... As an independent, non-profit research institute, the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH) stands for innovative research, development and consulting. The LZH is supported by the Lower Saxony Ministry for Economics, Labour and Transport and is dedicated to the selfless promotion of applied research in ...
ULTRA-HIGH DENSITY OPTICAL DATA STORAGE P.R. Hemmer
ULTRA-HIGH DENSITY OPTICAL DATA STORAGE P.R. Hemmer

... wide. In each channel, the data is first processed through a logic board for error correction, which produces the corrected data stream (recall that during the recording, the data is encoded through a Reed-Solomon error correction algorithm). The corrected data is then stored in an SRAM with a size ...
Download PDF
Download PDF

... ␭兾公N. This characteristic time is much longer in typical DLS experiments, as it is set by the time required by the scatterers to move over a distance q⫺1, where q is the wave vector. Thus, DWS is suitable for investigations of much slower dynamic processes, such as those developed in glassy systems, ...
PDF
PDF

... Phase profiles are imprinted on the wavefront of a collimated beam from a continuous wave ytterbium-doped fiber laser (IPG Photonics, λ = 1064 nm) using an electronically addressed, reflective SLM (P512-1064, Boulder Nonlinear Systems). The SLM is operated in a phaseonly mode which controls the phas ...
conclusion
conclusion

... generated directly in this substrate. The best technique to do this in a reproducible and controllable way is by plasma etching. However, there are several problems for these processes. A glass substrate contains quite a lot of metallic impurities, which are very difficult to remove by dry etching, ...
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI

... However, silicon dioxide has not been used for the model because its optical response is very similar to that of air and it is not possible to distinguish between their contributions. Unknown parameters of this optical model can be thin film thickness, or optical constants or both. For our particula ...
May2016
May2016

... a) Write down the expression for intensity .for diffraction througn double slit and hence draw intensity distribution curve for diffraction through double slit considering value of b=2a, b) Why De.-Broglie waves are insignificant in the case of macro bodies? .17Aplain with the ...
Polarization - OpenStax CNX
Polarization - OpenStax CNX

... Photographs of the sky can be darkened by polarizing lters, a trick used by many photographers to make clouds brighter by contrast. Scattering from other particles, such as smoke or dust, can also polarize light. Detecting polarization in scattered EM waves can be a useful analytical tool in determ ...
Detecting tissue optical and mechanical properties with an
Detecting tissue optical and mechanical properties with an

... optical scatterers [4], and the intensity of the ultrasound modulated light is selectively detected, either through the spectral features of modulated light [1] or based on the temporal features of speckles [5], to measure the optical properties within the ultrasound focal region [6-8]. Since ultras ...
FTIR Instrumentation
FTIR Instrumentation

... The beamsplitter is the heart of the interferometer. Essentially a half-silvered mirror, the beamsplitter reflects about half of an incident light beam while simultaneously transmitting the remaining half. One half of this split light beam travels to the interferometer's moving mirror while the othe ...
Plasmonic modes of gold nano-particle arrays on thin gold
Plasmonic modes of gold nano-particle arrays on thin gold

... overall size of the arrays is 100 × 100 µm. For all array periods we observe one extinction peak at ∼ 520 nm and, additionally, a second peak which shifts to larger wavelength for larger array periods Λ. Additionally to these peaks, the extinction spectra show a rise towards longer wavelength. One c ...
optical fibre communication
optical fibre communication

... Light changes its speed when it travels from one material to another, such as from air into glass. This cause an effect called refraction. Hence bending of the light at the surface of a material is expected. The speed of the light in the vacuum is highest. ...
Optical power - WordPress.com
Optical power - WordPress.com

... commonly called Injection laser diodes (ILD’s).  -- a direct-current power supply controls the amount of current to the active ...
Photonic Devices I Purpose of the Lab
Photonic Devices I Purpose of the Lab

... carry many multiplexed optical signals on the same fiber. To do this it is important for each signal to have as narrow a spectral band as possible and to be as stable as possible. ...
Optical bistability in a Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Optical bistability in a Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

... output light powers were measured by a digital communication analyzer (DCA). For a VCSOA biased at a given current, a primary polarization direction exists along which the amplifier gain is maximum. Therefore, a polarizer ...
Raman Spectra of Optically Trapped Microcomplexes
Raman Spectra of Optically Trapped Microcomplexes

... Pi affected by losses on the overfilled aperture and by spherical aberrations Q- trapping efficiency (depends on the geometry of the particle, relative refractive index “m”, wavelength, radial distribution of the beam) ...
Full Text PDF
Full Text PDF

... alters the optical path difference between the two beams. This causes a change of the interference pattern, which enables us to determine accurately the refractive index of the sample under investigation and the local variation of the interfering fringes. Therefore the MZI may be regarded as a sensi ...
Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Microscopy - Spectra
Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Microscopy - Spectra

... sections of the illuminating cone is largest at the focal plane and dies off rapidly in the regions in front and behind it. The confinement of excitation and thus signal production in a small volume within samples is certainly the key feature of TPM. It is demonstrated in Figure 2 by comparing the e ...
Large-Area Laser-Lift-Off Processing in
Large-Area Laser-Lift-Off Processing in

... transition from the ca. 1 mm thick glass carrier to the just about 100 μm thin polymer foil leads to a 50 percent reduction in weight and a 30 percent reduction in design height. Another general advantage is the ruggedness of the flexible display against mechanical impact. The market ffor flexible d ...
Broadband Semiconductor Light Source for Optical Sensing
Broadband Semiconductor Light Source for Optical Sensing

... medical application into consideration, it is preferable to minimize the influence of water dispersion and absorbance of a portion which covers portion to be measured present in the living organisms. This range of spectrum contributes to minimization of the influence with light having a spectrum of ...
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic

... For coupling between the two particles, the local illumination induces a z-direction resonance in the system, which is mediated by the x-y geometry of the particle. This observation is very interesting. The metal thickness of each gold layer, at 50 nm, is greater than the optical skin depth of gold ...
Gauthier Abstracts - Department of Electronics
Gauthier Abstracts - Department of Electronics

... of two laser beams producing a family of high intensity planes. Controlled reorientation of a photosensitive sample between exposures results in an exposure dose, when developed, returns a quasi-crystal pattern. Results are shown in which quasi-crystal patterns with 8, 10, and 12-fold rotation symme ...
Educator Resource Center in the Lyman Library
Educator Resource Center in the Lyman Library

... on the subject, including others by the author, this one is practical and useful. Nurosi, Aki. Colorful Illusions: Tricks to Fool Your Eyes. New York: Sterling Pub., ...
< 1 ... 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 ... 108 >

Ellipsometry

Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry can be used to characterize composition, roughness, thickness (depth), crystalline nature, doping concentration, electrical conductivity and other material properties. It is very sensitive to the change in the optical response of incident radiation that interacts with the material being investigated.Typically, the measured signal is the change in polarization as the incident radiation (in a known state) interacts with the material structure of interest (reflected, absorbed, scattered, or transmitted). The polarization change is quantified by the amplitude ratio, Ψ, and the phase difference, Δ (defined below). Because the signal depends on the thickness as well as the materials properties, ellipsometry can be a universal tool for contact free determination of thickness and optical constants of films of all kinds.This technique has found applications in many different fields, from semiconductor physics to microelectronics and biology, from basic research to industrial applications. Ellipsometry is a very sensitive measurement technique and provides unequaled capabilities for thin film metrology. As an optical technique, spectroscopic ellipsometry is non-destructive and contactless. Because the incident radiation can be focused, small sample sizes can be imaged and desired characteristics can be mapped over a larger area (m^2).The one weakness of ellipsometry is the need to model the data. Entire courses are taught in the modeling of the raw data. Models can be physically based on energy transitions or simply free parameters used to fit the data.Upon the analysis of the change of polarization of light, ellipsometry can yield information about layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the probing light itself, even down to a single atomic layer. Ellipsometry can probe the complex refractive index or dielectric function tensor, which gives access to fundamental physical parameters like those listed above. It is commonly used to characterize film thickness for single layers or complex multilayer stacks ranging from a few angstroms or tenths of a nanometer to several micrometers with an excellent accuracy.The name ""ellipsometry"" stems from the fact that Elliptical polarization of light is used. The term ""spectroscopic"" relates to the fact that the information gained is a function of the light's wavelength or energy (spectra). The technique has been known at least since 1888 by the work of Paul Drude, (the term ""ellipsometry"" being first used probably in 1945 ) and has many applications today. A spectroscopic ellipsometer can be found in most thin film analytical labs. Ellipsometry is also becoming more interesting to researchers in other disciplines such as biology and medicine. These areas pose new challenges to the technique, such as measurements on unstable liquid surfaces and microscopic imaging.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report