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Reflection optimisation of the SPR-graphene
Reflection optimisation of the SPR-graphene

... the oxygen from interacting with them by a strong structure ring [15,16]. Another positive point for a graphene layer is the capacity of efficient adsorption of biomolecules [17]. In this paper we shall present an ultra-stable high performance SPR sensor based on a graphene on Ag configuration, whic ...
JMG_Paper2_GainingSuperpowersThroughMetamaterials
JMG_Paper2_GainingSuperpowersThroughMetamaterials

... nucleus with a net positive charge. In a simple one-atom molecule of a material such as helium gas, the electrons will feel a force toward the positive charge electric field. The reaction to an electric field will depend upon the number of atoms in the molecules, the symmetry of the atoms and their ...
Selective Trapping or Rotation of Isotropic Dielectric Microparticles
Selective Trapping or Rotation of Isotropic Dielectric Microparticles

... manipulation can be easily achieved by changing the handedness of the circularly polarized excitation. In the current work, qualitative demonstrations of this novel working principle are presented. Interesting future outlooks include quantitative and statistical investigations over the ability to ma ...
Phonon Laser Action in a Tunable Two-Level System
Phonon Laser Action in a Tunable Two-Level System

... of the parametric instability [28] of cavity optomechanics [16] will be detailed elsewhere. The present cavity design also enables spectrally selective and tunable detection of phonons through absorption (red pump) by the two-level system. Analysis of the response shows that thermal phonons set a ba ...
Phase microscopy and tomography
Phase microscopy and tomography

John Kerr and his effects found in 1877 and 1878
John Kerr and his effects found in 1877 and 1878

... His second observation is a bit more involved, since now he manipulates the first Nicol, ‘‘ever so little’’ as he stresses. Surely what happens is a variation of the angle of incidence, see Figure 4 . This is about all that can be said using only classical optics. As John Kerr realized, it seemed to ...
A Study on Rayleigh Backscattering Noise in Single Fiber
A Study on Rayleigh Backscattering Noise in Single Fiber

... The scattering of light may be thought of as the redirection of light that takes place when an electromagnetic (EM) wave (i.e. an incident light ray) encounters an obstacle or non-homogeneity discrete particle [5, 6]. When scattering particles are very small compared to the wavelength of incident ra ...
Program Overview Erich Ippen
Program Overview Erich Ippen

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Longitudinal polarization periodicity of unpolarized light passing
Longitudinal polarization periodicity of unpolarized light passing

... polarized at +45◦ . Therefore, the polarization state across a transverse plane periodically varies along the x axis, from linear to circular and vice versa, with a period depending on the angle between the two propagation directions. This is at the basis of the use of such a device as a “depolarize ...
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... vertical high-index contrast.[17] Analogous to their 3D counterparts, 2.5D structures are fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, electron beam lithography, wet chemical etching, and wafer bonding.[18] Therefore, a technique to accurately print color-selective 2.5D photonic ...
EE 5551
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... This method includes inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method developed by Prahl et al (Prahl S.A., et al. // Appl. Opt., 1993, Vol. 32(4), P. 559-568) and inverse Monte Carlo simulations. The IAD method is widely used in tissue optics for processing the experimental data of spectrophotometry with integ ...
Interference of light Ordinary illumination Interference fringes
Interference of light Ordinary illumination Interference fringes

... wavelength of light can be deduced, even though it is very small  Even with white light, a few coloured fringes can be seen around the central white fringe, before the colours wash out  By putting a wedge of material across S1 the path length can be increased until the fringes disappear, giving a ...
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No Slide Title

Ab Initio Calculations on Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties
Ab Initio Calculations on Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties

[pdf]
[pdf]

Material Properties - CVI Melles Griot 2009 Technical Guide, Vol 2
Material Properties - CVI Melles Griot 2009 Technical Guide, Vol 2

... selecting optics for an image-forming lens system because external transmittance neglects multiple reflections between lens surfaces. Transmittance measured with an integrating sphere will be slightly higher. If Te denotes the desired external irradiance transmittance, Ti the corresponding internal ...
Polarimeter - cts.iitkgp
Polarimeter - cts.iitkgp

... active substance in a known volume of distilled water. 7. Fill the polarimeter tube with the solution of known concentration. Note the rotation produced in by adjusting the scale and observing uniform illumination through the eye-piece. 8. Repeat the steps 3, 4, & 5. 9. Prepare solutions of differen ...
BEST OF - Edmund Optics
BEST OF - Edmund Optics

... The transmission properties of a coating are dependent upon the wavelength of light being used, the substrate’s index of refraction, the index of refraction of the coating, the thickness of the coating, and the angle of the incident light. The coating is designed so that the relative phase shift bet ...
Enpolarization and depolarization of light
Enpolarization and depolarization of light

... In this paper, we rely on a simple and versatile heuristics to modelize the scattering matrix: the random phasors sum [26]. It was recently shown that this phenomenological model is relevant for strongly scattering medium, such as an inhomogeneous bulk with high optical index variations or a rough s ...
Interferometer design for writing Bragg gratings in optical fibers
Interferometer design for writing Bragg gratings in optical fibers

... locating to the balls, the target is properly located in position and angle to repeatability tolerances of 0.005 mm and 0.05 mrad, respectively. There are two possible use modes, a first in which the target alone is removed and replaced between exposures while the holder remains fixed, and a second ...
Using Complementary Acoustic and Optical Techniques for
Using Complementary Acoustic and Optical Techniques for

... scaffolds to in vitro and in vivo biosensors; the great progress that has been made in the last 10–15 years in specifically tailoring biologically relevant interface properties at the macro, micro and nanoscale through surface functionalization; and the rapidly expanding toolbox of available charact ...
Optical amplifiers
Optical amplifiers

... exits the EDFA having been increased in intensity several times over. Erbium has several energy levels, but its ions are usually in the ground state (unexcited, alcohol free). The ions can be excited with a 1480-nanometer pump laser into the first excited state. If left there for long enough, they w ...
Fabry-Perot Interferometer FABRYPEROT.TEX KB 20020122
Fabry-Perot Interferometer FABRYPEROT.TEX KB 20020122

... interfaces, r , r0 , t, and t0 , respectively, are defined according to Fig. 2. Relations between the reflectance and transmittance values for amplitudes can be derived using time reversal invariance. If losses due to absorption can be neglected, ...
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Ellipsometry

Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry can be used to characterize composition, roughness, thickness (depth), crystalline nature, doping concentration, electrical conductivity and other material properties. It is very sensitive to the change in the optical response of incident radiation that interacts with the material being investigated.Typically, the measured signal is the change in polarization as the incident radiation (in a known state) interacts with the material structure of interest (reflected, absorbed, scattered, or transmitted). The polarization change is quantified by the amplitude ratio, Ψ, and the phase difference, Δ (defined below). Because the signal depends on the thickness as well as the materials properties, ellipsometry can be a universal tool for contact free determination of thickness and optical constants of films of all kinds.This technique has found applications in many different fields, from semiconductor physics to microelectronics and biology, from basic research to industrial applications. Ellipsometry is a very sensitive measurement technique and provides unequaled capabilities for thin film metrology. As an optical technique, spectroscopic ellipsometry is non-destructive and contactless. Because the incident radiation can be focused, small sample sizes can be imaged and desired characteristics can be mapped over a larger area (m^2).The one weakness of ellipsometry is the need to model the data. Entire courses are taught in the modeling of the raw data. Models can be physically based on energy transitions or simply free parameters used to fit the data.Upon the analysis of the change of polarization of light, ellipsometry can yield information about layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the probing light itself, even down to a single atomic layer. Ellipsometry can probe the complex refractive index or dielectric function tensor, which gives access to fundamental physical parameters like those listed above. It is commonly used to characterize film thickness for single layers or complex multilayer stacks ranging from a few angstroms or tenths of a nanometer to several micrometers with an excellent accuracy.The name ""ellipsometry"" stems from the fact that Elliptical polarization of light is used. The term ""spectroscopic"" relates to the fact that the information gained is a function of the light's wavelength or energy (spectra). The technique has been known at least since 1888 by the work of Paul Drude, (the term ""ellipsometry"" being first used probably in 1945 ) and has many applications today. A spectroscopic ellipsometer can be found in most thin film analytical labs. Ellipsometry is also becoming more interesting to researchers in other disciplines such as biology and medicine. These areas pose new challenges to the technique, such as measurements on unstable liquid surfaces and microscopic imaging.
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