Earthquake slip on oceanic transform faults
... Figure 1 Map of the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge, showing the Romanche and Chain transform faults and also the bathymetry26,27. The transform valleys are dark blue and the interconnecting ridges are pale blue. The focal mechanisms obtained in the broadband body-wave modelling are joined to their Na ...
... Figure 1 Map of the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge, showing the Romanche and Chain transform faults and also the bathymetry26,27. The transform valleys are dark blue and the interconnecting ridges are pale blue. The focal mechanisms obtained in the broadband body-wave modelling are joined to their Na ...
Conditions for a crustal block to be sheared off from the subducted
... therefore, seems to be diverse in both space and time. Many researchers have tried to solve the mechanism of such variation by relating the buoyancy of continents, continental fragments, plateaus, and seamounts to their subductability [Molnar and Gray, 1979; Nur and Ben-Avraham, 1982; Cloos, 1993]. ...
... therefore, seems to be diverse in both space and time. Many researchers have tried to solve the mechanism of such variation by relating the buoyancy of continents, continental fragments, plateaus, and seamounts to their subductability [Molnar and Gray, 1979; Nur and Ben-Avraham, 1982; Cloos, 1993]. ...
S-Velocity Structure of the Upper Mantle
... shown in figure 1a. Our second method is based on the difference in phase anomaly between two stations that record the same event and lie roughly along the same great-circle path. The resulting phase anomaly is assigned to the inter-station path. This is done for all events, and data comprised of th ...
... shown in figure 1a. Our second method is based on the difference in phase anomaly between two stations that record the same event and lie roughly along the same great-circle path. The resulting phase anomaly is assigned to the inter-station path. This is done for all events, and data comprised of th ...
Velocity increase in the uppermost oceanic crust of subducting
... distinct later arrivals were observed during other events (e.g., events 6 and 7) of similar epicenter locations but different source depths (Figure 1c,d). The observed distinct later phases were interpreted as trapped P waves propagating along the oceanic crust of the Philippine Sea plate. To obtain ...
... distinct later arrivals were observed during other events (e.g., events 6 and 7) of similar epicenter locations but different source depths (Figure 1c,d). The observed distinct later phases were interpreted as trapped P waves propagating along the oceanic crust of the Philippine Sea plate. To obtain ...
I. Introduction and Basic Concepts A. Stress: force applied to rock
... A 3-D stress field with subvectors of x,y,z for each axis of stress ellipse (σ1 , σ2 and σ3) for a total of 3 x 3 = 9 components, so (9 = 3r) where r ...
... A 3-D stress field with subvectors of x,y,z for each axis of stress ellipse (σ1 , σ2 and σ3) for a total of 3 x 3 = 9 components, so (9 = 3r) where r ...
- Arizona State University
... (Ps) converted modes generated by the upcoming wave field at each discontinuity, and reverberated modes which are generated by the upcoming wave field being reflected downward off the earth’s free surface as P or S, and finally reflecting upward as S at each discontinuity. [7] To produce teleseismic ...
... (Ps) converted modes generated by the upcoming wave field at each discontinuity, and reverberated modes which are generated by the upcoming wave field being reflected downward off the earth’s free surface as P or S, and finally reflecting upward as S at each discontinuity. [7] To produce teleseismic ...
Upper Mantle Tomographic Vp and Vs Images of the Rocky
... slowness residual analysis (polar plot). The residuals for each station are binned into non-overlapping grids in 2-D slowness space and the differences between the bin median and individual residuals are calculated. Then, individual residuals with large time differences (> 2σ ) are removed. 3.2 Choi ...
... slowness residual analysis (polar plot). The residuals for each station are binned into non-overlapping grids in 2-D slowness space and the differences between the bin median and individual residuals are calculated. Then, individual residuals with large time differences (> 2σ ) are removed. 3.2 Choi ...
Coda Q for the Sri Lankan Precambrian crust
... greater than 130 or 140 km) the rate differs to R0 (due to compensatory effect of postcritical reflections and refractions at Moho and Conrad discontinuities) and to R-0.5 (due to multiple reflections and refractions of body waves dominating regional phases), respectively (Atkinson and Boore 1995, L ...
... greater than 130 or 140 km) the rate differs to R0 (due to compensatory effect of postcritical reflections and refractions at Moho and Conrad discontinuities) and to R-0.5 (due to multiple reflections and refractions of body waves dominating regional phases), respectively (Atkinson and Boore 1995, L ...
UniT 10 HarmOniOUs maTH
... As these groups of molecules alternately experience compressions and rarefactions, a pulse is created, and this is what “reaches” our ears. Whether or not we hear the waves as sound has everything to do with their frequency, or how many times every second the molecules switch from compression to rar ...
... As these groups of molecules alternately experience compressions and rarefactions, a pulse is created, and this is what “reaches” our ears. Whether or not we hear the waves as sound has everything to do with their frequency, or how many times every second the molecules switch from compression to rar ...
Ch 14 Solutions Glencoe 2013
... Both are periodic motions. In uniform circular motion, the accelerating force is not proportional to the displacement. Also, simple harmonic motion is one-dimensional and uniform circular motion is twoChapter 14 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment dimensional. ...
... Both are periodic motions. In uniform circular motion, the accelerating force is not proportional to the displacement. Also, simple harmonic motion is one-dimensional and uniform circular motion is twoChapter 14 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment dimensional. ...
d(M|s) - University of Utah`s Tomography and Modeling/Migration
... Every VSP source at different S reflects off M And recorded at g We accidentally found specular ray for given (M,g), & stationary phase says this is dominant contribution. Uninteresting Part of Medium s ...
... Every VSP source at different S reflects off M And recorded at g We accidentally found specular ray for given (M,g), & stationary phase says this is dominant contribution. Uninteresting Part of Medium s ...
Lecture 2
... This works because typically ε >> μ and hence turbulent flow is slower than laminar flow at the same shear stress. This is because the drag from the bed is transferred more efficiently into the body of the flow by eddies than by viscosity alone. It is extremely difficult to determine the eddy viscos ...
... This works because typically ε >> μ and hence turbulent flow is slower than laminar flow at the same shear stress. This is because the drag from the bed is transferred more efficiently into the body of the flow by eddies than by viscosity alone. It is extremely difficult to determine the eddy viscos ...
Three-dimensional seismic anisotropy in the crust and uppermost
... In the Taiwan region, anisotropy has been studied based on shear wave splitting methods and tomography inversions. For example, Rau et al. [2000] performed the splitting analysis of teleseismic S waves and obtained coherent patterns in most stations, indicating an SN orientation for the anisotropy. ...
... In the Taiwan region, anisotropy has been studied based on shear wave splitting methods and tomography inversions. For example, Rau et al. [2000] performed the splitting analysis of teleseismic S waves and obtained coherent patterns in most stations, indicating an SN orientation for the anisotropy. ...
On the Correlation between Seismicity Characteristics and S Wave
... ness of continental crust in the Sumatra I. area is about 30 km [Simoes et al., 2004].) More than 200 records of M ≤ 5.5 events were used. Figure 4 shows sample records of two crustal earth quakes made at the PSI station. The earthquake epicen ters are inside the seismicity ring and at its boundar ...
... ness of continental crust in the Sumatra I. area is about 30 km [Simoes et al., 2004].) More than 200 records of M ≤ 5.5 events were used. Figure 4 shows sample records of two crustal earth quakes made at the PSI station. The earthquake epicen ters are inside the seismicity ring and at its boundar ...
Shear wave splitting
Shear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium (Fig. 1). The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves (Fig. 2). Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest. These measurements reflect the degree of anisotropy and lead to a better understanding of the area’s crack density and orientation or crystal alignment.We can think of the anisotropy of a particular area as a black box and the shear wave splitting measurements as a way of looking at what is in the box.