Distinct crustal isostasy trends east and west of the Rocky Mountain
... the L1 misfit surfaces (Figure 3). The parameter spaces in which L1 misfit is <30% greater than the minima for the AiryE and AiryW models do not overlap (Figures 3e and 3f). The AiryR misfit map, based on PREM, shows that nearly all areas with misfit < 5 km were found east of the RMF and nearly all area ...
... the L1 misfit surfaces (Figure 3). The parameter spaces in which L1 misfit is <30% greater than the minima for the AiryE and AiryW models do not overlap (Figures 3e and 3f). The AiryR misfit map, based on PREM, shows that nearly all areas with misfit < 5 km were found east of the RMF and nearly all area ...
Earthquake Mechanisms and Stress Field
... Earthquakes are processes associated with the sudden rupture of rocks along cracks, fractures or faults exposed to stress field in the Earth’s crust and lithosphere. If stress reaches a critical value exceeding strength of faults or fractures in rock, accumulated energy of elastic deformation is part ...
... Earthquakes are processes associated with the sudden rupture of rocks along cracks, fractures or faults exposed to stress field in the Earth’s crust and lithosphere. If stress reaches a critical value exceeding strength of faults or fractures in rock, accumulated energy of elastic deformation is part ...
Seismic low-velocity layer at the top of subducting slabs
... ducted plates, and provide in situ bounds on dehydration. A plethora of mode-converted, reflected, and dispersed body wave phases have shown that the upper few kilometers of subducted slabs contain sharp interfaces or layering (e.g., Gubbins et al., 1994; Helffrich, 1996; Helffrich and Stein, 1993; ...
... ducted plates, and provide in situ bounds on dehydration. A plethora of mode-converted, reflected, and dispersed body wave phases have shown that the upper few kilometers of subducted slabs contain sharp interfaces or layering (e.g., Gubbins et al., 1994; Helffrich, 1996; Helffrich and Stein, 1993; ...
Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography
... documented the complex morphology of the subducting Pacific lithospheric slab that appears to deflect in the transition zone (TZ) beneath the Japan and Izu-Bonin Trenches but descends into the lower mantle at a steep angle beneath the Mariana Trench. Recent regional and global delay time studies [e. ...
... documented the complex morphology of the subducting Pacific lithospheric slab that appears to deflect in the transition zone (TZ) beneath the Japan and Izu-Bonin Trenches but descends into the lower mantle at a steep angle beneath the Mariana Trench. Recent regional and global delay time studies [e. ...
THE SECULAR EVOLUTION OF THE PRIMORDIAL KUIPER BELT
... orbits having e and sin id0:001 (Kenyon & Luu 1999). However, gravitational self-stirring cannot account for the Kuiper Belt’s current excited state, so one or more mechanisms must also have stirred up the Kuiper Belt since the time of formation. The orbits of the Scattered KBOs are perhaps the most ...
... orbits having e and sin id0:001 (Kenyon & Luu 1999). However, gravitational self-stirring cannot account for the Kuiper Belt’s current excited state, so one or more mechanisms must also have stirred up the Kuiper Belt since the time of formation. The orbits of the Scattered KBOs are perhaps the most ...
Seismic velocities, density, porosity, and permeability measured at a
... differences might be due to the effect of effective pressures on seismic velocities (cf. Fam and Santamarina, 1997; Zimmer et al., 2007a). In the followings, the correlations between seismic velocity and porosity will be studied based only on well-logged values of seismic velocities, because the num ...
... differences might be due to the effect of effective pressures on seismic velocities (cf. Fam and Santamarina, 1997; Zimmer et al., 2007a). In the followings, the correlations between seismic velocity and porosity will be studied based only on well-logged values of seismic velocities, because the num ...
Earthquakes: Basic Principles
... alarming and destructive natural phenomena that people can experience. It is also known and well documented that these events are distressing to animals as well, although no one knows as yet what the animals’ sense just before the occurrence of an earthquake. The occurrence of large earthquakes is o ...
... alarming and destructive natural phenomena that people can experience. It is also known and well documented that these events are distressing to animals as well, although no one knows as yet what the animals’ sense just before the occurrence of an earthquake. The occurrence of large earthquakes is o ...
Earthquakes: Basic Principles
... alarming and destructive natural phenomena that people can experience. It is also known and well documented that these events are distressing to animals as well, although no one knows as yet what the animals’ sense just before the occurrence of an earthquake. The occurrence of large earthquakes is o ...
... alarming and destructive natural phenomena that people can experience. It is also known and well documented that these events are distressing to animals as well, although no one knows as yet what the animals’ sense just before the occurrence of an earthquake. The occurrence of large earthquakes is o ...
geophysical characterization of albian carbonates reservoirs
... The Albian carbonate reservoirs are good oil producers in many Brazilian basins along the continental margin. Most of these oil fields were discovered at least 40 years ago and today, it is observed a low oil production from them. The reason for this could be divided in two factors: the main reservo ...
... The Albian carbonate reservoirs are good oil producers in many Brazilian basins along the continental margin. Most of these oil fields were discovered at least 40 years ago and today, it is observed a low oil production from them. The reason for this could be divided in two factors: the main reservo ...
Constraints on the viscosity of the continental crust and mantle from
... crust, whereas other authors have proposed that in other regions it may also affect the upper mantle [Freed and Lin, 2001; Pollitz et al., 2000, 2001]. [6] Several authors have used transient signals in GPSderived velocities to infer the viscosity of the crust and/or mantle in various tectonic envir ...
... crust, whereas other authors have proposed that in other regions it may also affect the upper mantle [Freed and Lin, 2001; Pollitz et al., 2000, 2001]. [6] Several authors have used transient signals in GPSderived velocities to infer the viscosity of the crust and/or mantle in various tectonic envir ...
Microseismicity of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge
... perennial sea-ice cover of the Arctic Ocean, however, prohibit such a specific survey design. Ocean bottom seismometers can not be used as the safe recovery of instruments and recorded data is hardly possible. Therefore, an entirely different experimental and methodological approach is necessary for ...
... perennial sea-ice cover of the Arctic Ocean, however, prohibit such a specific survey design. Ocean bottom seismometers can not be used as the safe recovery of instruments and recorded data is hardly possible. Therefore, an entirely different experimental and methodological approach is necessary for ...
Microseismicity of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic
... perennial sea-ice cover of the Arctic Ocean, however, prohibit such a specific survey design. Ocean bottom seismometers can not be used as the safe recovery of instruments and recorded data is hardly possible. Therefore, an entirely different experimental and methodological approach is necessary for ...
... perennial sea-ice cover of the Arctic Ocean, however, prohibit such a specific survey design. Ocean bottom seismometers can not be used as the safe recovery of instruments and recorded data is hardly possible. Therefore, an entirely different experimental and methodological approach is necessary for ...
High frequency ion sound waves - Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics
... source regions of local type III radio bursts. It is important to note that the present day particle detectors can not resolve the density cavities created by the intense field structures. We have identified 12 local type III events with intense Langmuir wave activity from March to June of 2001 in t ...
... source regions of local type III radio bursts. It is important to note that the present day particle detectors can not resolve the density cavities created by the intense field structures. We have identified 12 local type III events with intense Langmuir wave activity from March to June of 2001 in t ...
Oscillatory Motion and Waves
... usually seconds, but may be any convenient unit of time. The word period refers to the time for some event whether repetitive or not; but we shall be primarily interested in periodic motion, which is by definition repetitive. A concept closely related to period is the frequency of an event. For exam ...
... usually seconds, but may be any convenient unit of time. The word period refers to the time for some event whether repetitive or not; but we shall be primarily interested in periodic motion, which is by definition repetitive. A concept closely related to period is the frequency of an event. For exam ...
seismic activity, Yangtze River – Yellow Sea seismic belt, trend
... 4. Seismicity Trend in Interested Areas 4.1. Data The study area of this research, the seismic zone from lower reaches of YangtzeRiver to southern Yellow Sea, includes two areas: Eastern China (29º-37º N, 100º-124º E) and Shanghai and its vicinity (29º-34º N, 118º-124º E). All the historical seismic ...
... 4. Seismicity Trend in Interested Areas 4.1. Data The study area of this research, the seismic zone from lower reaches of YangtzeRiver to southern Yellow Sea, includes two areas: Eastern China (29º-37º N, 100º-124º E) and Shanghai and its vicinity (29º-34º N, 118º-124º E). All the historical seismic ...
Differential rotation of main sequence F stars
... In Fig. 1 the rotation rate is plotted vs. radius for latitudes at 0◦ (equator), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90◦ (poles). In all cases the equator rotates faster than the poles (solar-type differential rotation), but the amplitude of the relative shear varies with the rotation rate. The model with the f ...
... In Fig. 1 the rotation rate is plotted vs. radius for latitudes at 0◦ (equator), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90◦ (poles). In all cases the equator rotates faster than the poles (solar-type differential rotation), but the amplitude of the relative shear varies with the rotation rate. The model with the f ...
Shear wave splitting
Shear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium (Fig. 1). The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves (Fig. 2). Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest. These measurements reflect the degree of anisotropy and lead to a better understanding of the area’s crack density and orientation or crystal alignment.We can think of the anisotropy of a particular area as a black box and the shear wave splitting measurements as a way of looking at what is in the box.