Sine et al.
... boundary are likely insufficient to contribute substantially to the observed anomaly [Schutt and Lesher, 2006]. Hydrous minerals slow seismic velocities significantly but are stable at relatively low upper mantle temperatures (e.g. hornblende is stable up to 1000°C). Hacker et al. [2003] find that t ...
... boundary are likely insufficient to contribute substantially to the observed anomaly [Schutt and Lesher, 2006]. Hydrous minerals slow seismic velocities significantly but are stable at relatively low upper mantle temperatures (e.g. hornblende is stable up to 1000°C). Hacker et al. [2003] find that t ...
A crustal model of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie Shan orogenic belt
... of the calculated depth. The phases Pg and Pn are recognizable as the first arrivals on all record sections. Pg, the refracted wave propagating within the upper crust, is observed at distances of ⬍100 km. Pn, the refraction within the uppermost mantle, is a first arrival at distances beyond 160 km. ...
... of the calculated depth. The phases Pg and Pn are recognizable as the first arrivals on all record sections. Pg, the refracted wave propagating within the upper crust, is observed at distances of ⬍100 km. Pn, the refraction within the uppermost mantle, is a first arrival at distances beyond 160 km. ...
Precise hypocenter locations of midcrustal low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji, Japan
... The resulting distribution of hypocenters of the MLFs (Fig. 3) has several striking features. Hypocenters of the MLFs occupy an ellipsoidal volume roughly 5 km in diameter with its center offset 3 km to the northeast of the summit of Mt. Fuji. The long axis of the volume is oriented NW-SE. The reloc ...
... The resulting distribution of hypocenters of the MLFs (Fig. 3) has several striking features. Hypocenters of the MLFs occupy an ellipsoidal volume roughly 5 km in diameter with its center offset 3 km to the northeast of the summit of Mt. Fuji. The long axis of the volume is oriented NW-SE. The reloc ...
The lithosphere and asthenosphere of the Iceland hotspot from
... not find any Moho reflections from what could be interpreted as a shallow boundary of the crust and mantle (BCM), reflections were observed from a thin, higher-velocity layer (7.8 km s−1 ) at about 30 km depth. In a later analysis by Menke et al. (1996), these RRISP data were found to be consistent ...
... not find any Moho reflections from what could be interpreted as a shallow boundary of the crust and mantle (BCM), reflections were observed from a thin, higher-velocity layer (7.8 km s−1 ) at about 30 km depth. In a later analysis by Menke et al. (1996), these RRISP data were found to be consistent ...
Uppermost mantle structure of the eastern margin of the Tibetan
... travel times along the overlapped ray paths are almost identical (Fig. 2) (Phillips et al., 2005; Seward et al., 2009; Li et al., 2011b). To demonstrate this, we simulate the variation of P (including Pn) wave traveltime differences between a pair of stations followed the method proposed by Phillips ...
... travel times along the overlapped ray paths are almost identical (Fig. 2) (Phillips et al., 2005; Seward et al., 2009; Li et al., 2011b). To demonstrate this, we simulate the variation of P (including Pn) wave traveltime differences between a pair of stations followed the method proposed by Phillips ...
Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of the northeastern Tibetan
... to 0.02 s. All I4 stations used the RefTek 130 data acquisition system at a sample rate of 25 samples-per-second (sps). DKL stations used Guralp CMG3-ESP sensors and RefTek 72A data acquisition systems at a sample rate of 40 sps. Seven China Earthquake Administration (CEA) broadband stations in Gans ...
... to 0.02 s. All I4 stations used the RefTek 130 data acquisition system at a sample rate of 25 samples-per-second (sps). DKL stations used Guralp CMG3-ESP sensors and RefTek 72A data acquisition systems at a sample rate of 40 sps. Seven China Earthquake Administration (CEA) broadband stations in Gans ...
crustal velocity structure of the rukwa rift in the western
... function fit by the final models in each case was >81%, and the resulting velocity models are very similar to each other (Figure 4). The models are characterised by lowvelocity surface layers with a thickness of about 4 km, a high velocity layer with a thickness of about 10 km just below the surface ...
... function fit by the final models in each case was >81%, and the resulting velocity models are very similar to each other (Figure 4). The models are characterised by lowvelocity surface layers with a thickness of about 4 km, a high velocity layer with a thickness of about 10 km just below the surface ...
Printer-friendly Version - Solid Earth Discussions
... Baltic Shield are still discussed. First determinations of the lithospheric thickness beneath the Baltic Shield were obtained from analyses of fundamental-mode and higherorder Rayleigh surface waves. The dispersion of higher-mode data have been interpreted by Nolet (1977) to distinguish the thick li ...
... Baltic Shield are still discussed. First determinations of the lithospheric thickness beneath the Baltic Shield were obtained from analyses of fundamental-mode and higherorder Rayleigh surface waves. The dispersion of higher-mode data have been interpreted by Nolet (1977) to distinguish the thick li ...
On the shallow origin of hotspots and the westward drift of the
... magmatic sources are included in the kinematic analysis, the movement of the lithosphere relative to the mantle should then be taken into account in an “absolute” plate motion analysis, and the NNR should be abandoned. The absolute reference frame is quite a controversial issue. Typically, the absol ...
... magmatic sources are included in the kinematic analysis, the movement of the lithosphere relative to the mantle should then be taken into account in an “absolute” plate motion analysis, and the NNR should be abandoned. The absolute reference frame is quite a controversial issue. Typically, the absol ...
comparison between results of seismic refraction and
... 48 receivers spaced 2 meters apart (Fig. 2). The seismic source used was a hammer with 8 kg, struck 15 times against a metal plate placed on the ground. A total of six seismic sections were acquired, all with 94 meters in length (Fig. 3), composing a seismic line with 564 meters (Figs. 1 and 3). The ...
... 48 receivers spaced 2 meters apart (Fig. 2). The seismic source used was a hammer with 8 kg, struck 15 times against a metal plate placed on the ground. A total of six seismic sections were acquired, all with 94 meters in length (Fig. 3), composing a seismic line with 564 meters (Figs. 1 and 3). The ...
Imag(in)ing the continental lithosphere
... scale (1–100 cm) features seen in the Beni–Bousera peridotite massif led Allegre and Turcotte (1986) to propose the “marble-cake” mantle model and Kellogg and Turcotte (1990) to develop a predictive model for the scale range to be expected. The marble-cake represents one end member of a large class ...
... scale (1–100 cm) features seen in the Beni–Bousera peridotite massif led Allegre and Turcotte (1986) to propose the “marble-cake” mantle model and Kellogg and Turcotte (1990) to develop a predictive model for the scale range to be expected. The marble-cake represents one end member of a large class ...
Dynamic Earth: crustal and mantle heterogeneity
... from the analysis of seismic arrival times (van der Hilst et al. 1997; Bijwaard et al. 1998; Kennett et al. 1998; Grand 2002). Some recent studies (Ritsema et al. 1999; Masters et al. 2000; Antolik et al. 2003) use a wide range of different styles of information to try to achieve the maximum level o ...
... from the analysis of seismic arrival times (van der Hilst et al. 1997; Bijwaard et al. 1998; Kennett et al. 1998; Grand 2002). Some recent studies (Ritsema et al. 1999; Masters et al. 2000; Antolik et al. 2003) use a wide range of different styles of information to try to achieve the maximum level o ...
Morphology of the distorted subducted Pacific slab beneath the
... tracing. In this method the trajectory of seismic-ray propagation between source and receiver through the three-dimensional structure of the earth is included, which improves the resolution of gradients and strong variations in wave speeds. The joint inversion used P and S arrival-time data with the ...
... tracing. In this method the trajectory of seismic-ray propagation between source and receiver through the three-dimensional structure of the earth is included, which improves the resolution of gradients and strong variations in wave speeds. The joint inversion used P and S arrival-time data with the ...
A rare great earthquake on an oceanic fossil
... earthquake. In common with other strike-slip earthquakes studied in the same fashion, the mantle wave data indicates that there are two pure-double couple constrained solutions, along with a range of mechanisms between them, that fit the data almost equally well. Aftershocks relocated for this study ...
... earthquake. In common with other strike-slip earthquakes studied in the same fashion, the mantle wave data indicates that there are two pure-double couple constrained solutions, along with a range of mechanisms between them, that fit the data almost equally well. Aftershocks relocated for this study ...
Shear wave splitting
Shear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium (Fig. 1). The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves (Fig. 2). Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest. These measurements reflect the degree of anisotropy and lead to a better understanding of the area’s crack density and orientation or crystal alignment.We can think of the anisotropy of a particular area as a black box and the shear wave splitting measurements as a way of looking at what is in the box.