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Cold atoms: A field enabled by light - HAL
... With stopped atoms, it proved possible to apply a threedimensional Doppler cooling scheme. That is, a configuration of three pairs of counterpropagating, red detuned, laser beams; one along each coordinate axis. This configuration was named ‘optical molasses’ [13], due to the viscous nature of the e ...
... With stopped atoms, it proved possible to apply a threedimensional Doppler cooling scheme. That is, a configuration of three pairs of counterpropagating, red detuned, laser beams; one along each coordinate axis. This configuration was named ‘optical molasses’ [13], due to the viscous nature of the e ...
Using a Spectrophotometer
... Many kinds of molecules interact with or absorb specific types of radiant energy in a predictable fashion. For example, when while light illuminates an object, the color that the eye perceives is determined by the absorption by the object of one or more of the colors from the source of the white lig ...
... Many kinds of molecules interact with or absorb specific types of radiant energy in a predictable fashion. For example, when while light illuminates an object, the color that the eye perceives is determined by the absorption by the object of one or more of the colors from the source of the white lig ...
Brock_Pirasteh_Sepiedeh_2012
... 4.10. X-ray diffraction patterns for La0.93Bi0.07VO3 sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.11. Comparing additional peaks in bi-phasic sample with different VO x phases . . . .45 4.12. X-ray diffraction patterns of bi-phasic samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ...
... 4.10. X-ray diffraction patterns for La0.93Bi0.07VO3 sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.11. Comparing additional peaks in bi-phasic sample with different VO x phases . . . .45 4.12. X-ray diffraction patterns of bi-phasic samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ...
2015_Final Exam Study Guide
... a. All atoms are identical. b. All atoms of a given element are identical. c. All atoms differ from one another. d. All atoms of a given element have the same mass. ____ 11. Approximately how many chemical elements are there? a. 30 c. 100 b. 70 d. 300 ...
... a. All atoms are identical. b. All atoms of a given element are identical. c. All atoms differ from one another. d. All atoms of a given element have the same mass. ____ 11. Approximately how many chemical elements are there? a. 30 c. 100 b. 70 d. 300 ...
7 - Wiley
... 39'). The best hybridization is sp2, leaving one p orbital free to form a π bond. The other inner N atom has SN = 2, sp hybridization, and bond angles of 180°. There are two π networks, one delocalized over all three N atoms and the other localized between the outer N atom and its adjacent inner N a ...
... 39'). The best hybridization is sp2, leaving one p orbital free to form a π bond. The other inner N atom has SN = 2, sp hybridization, and bond angles of 180°. There are two π networks, one delocalized over all three N atoms and the other localized between the outer N atom and its adjacent inner N a ...
Lectures p block elements 3 hypervalency
... The discovery of F3- which has a structure same as that of I3- has been one of the biggest deathblows to the use of d orbitals in explaining the structure of hypervalent molecules as conventionally the central atom of I3 – was assumed to have a trigonal bypyramid sp3d geometry while the same fails f ...
... The discovery of F3- which has a structure same as that of I3- has been one of the biggest deathblows to the use of d orbitals in explaining the structure of hypervalent molecules as conventionally the central atom of I3 – was assumed to have a trigonal bypyramid sp3d geometry while the same fails f ...
A crack method, on the BB84 protocol
... to the plane of the slide.Regardless of where the photons are transmitted in the illustrated path, they must be linearly polarized photons at 45 degrees. Thus, we can identify the linear polarization state of the intercepted photon with a very high correct rate, which of the four possible states of ...
... to the plane of the slide.Regardless of where the photons are transmitted in the illustrated path, they must be linearly polarized photons at 45 degrees. Thus, we can identify the linear polarization state of the intercepted photon with a very high correct rate, which of the four possible states of ...
Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms W. Ketterle, D. E. Pritchard
... are proportional to N1 (1+N2) for bosons and to N1 (1-N2) for fermions. This simple derivation of transition rates using occupation numbers becomes subtle or even invalid for correlated many-body states such as an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate ground state. We analyzed under which circumstanc ...
... are proportional to N1 (1+N2) for bosons and to N1 (1-N2) for fermions. This simple derivation of transition rates using occupation numbers becomes subtle or even invalid for correlated many-body states such as an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate ground state. We analyzed under which circumstanc ...
Chem 200 Dr. Saidane
... that can be produced from a given amount of reactant. In most chemical reactions, the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction is less than the theoretical yield, and is called the actual yield. The percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 1 ...
... that can be produced from a given amount of reactant. In most chemical reactions, the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction is less than the theoretical yield, and is called the actual yield. The percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 1 ...
Pacing Guide, Revised Aug 17, 2010
... D.) ICP.4.2 Differentiate between conduction, convection, and radiation and identify them as types of energy transfer. 6) Mechanical Energy and Propagation of Energy by Waves- Explain that waves transmit energy, come in two forms, transverse and longitudinal, and occur throughout nature. A) ICP 2.1 ...
... D.) ICP.4.2 Differentiate between conduction, convection, and radiation and identify them as types of energy transfer. 6) Mechanical Energy and Propagation of Energy by Waves- Explain that waves transmit energy, come in two forms, transverse and longitudinal, and occur throughout nature. A) ICP 2.1 ...
Paper
... 11:4 m and each well started with a condensate of 5 105 atoms. Two pairs of Bragg beams parallel to the separation direction were applied to the condensates by retroreflecting two copropagating laser beams with frequency difference . The lifetime of condensates was over 18 s. The 1=e depletion ...
... 11:4 m and each well started with a condensate of 5 105 atoms. Two pairs of Bragg beams parallel to the separation direction were applied to the condensates by retroreflecting two copropagating laser beams with frequency difference . The lifetime of condensates was over 18 s. The 1=e depletion ...
Production and Deposition of Copper Clusters Using Magnetron
... The purpose of the project described in this thesis is to construct and test a setup for production and size selection of metal clusters. The cluster production was accomplished using a magnetron sputtering source and the size selection was performed using an electrostatic quadropole mass spectromet ...
... The purpose of the project described in this thesis is to construct and test a setup for production and size selection of metal clusters. The cluster production was accomplished using a magnetron sputtering source and the size selection was performed using an electrostatic quadropole mass spectromet ...
atom interferometer - Center for Ultracold Atoms
... With our improved transverse interferometer, we plan now to emphasize new and more precise measurements in atomic physics as well as fundamental experiments in quantum mechanics. Exploiting the unique capability of our separated beam interferometer to apply welldefined interactions uniquely to one a ...
... With our improved transverse interferometer, we plan now to emphasize new and more precise measurements in atomic physics as well as fundamental experiments in quantum mechanics. Exploiting the unique capability of our separated beam interferometer to apply welldefined interactions uniquely to one a ...
Single-photon multiple ionization processes studied by electron coincidence spectroscopy Per Linusson
... methods (see e.g. Ref. [10] and references therein). In some cases the frozen orbital approximation was in fact completely unsatisfactory [11; 12]. In this context the main topic of this thesis can be understood, which is single-photon multiple ionization. Excluding the well-known Auger effect the e ...
... methods (see e.g. Ref. [10] and references therein). In some cases the frozen orbital approximation was in fact completely unsatisfactory [11; 12]. In this context the main topic of this thesis can be understood, which is single-photon multiple ionization. Excluding the well-known Auger effect the e ...
Dynamics of molecule-surface interactions from first
... these additional degrees of freedom is not available for a direct escape from the adsorption well. If enough of the initial perpendicular kinetic energy is transfered in the first collision into these other degrees of freedom, the molecule becomes dynamically trapped for a while [8, 9]. While being ...
... these additional degrees of freedom is not available for a direct escape from the adsorption well. If enough of the initial perpendicular kinetic energy is transfered in the first collision into these other degrees of freedom, the molecule becomes dynamically trapped for a while [8, 9]. While being ...
Full Text - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
... The optical response averaged over large surface areas is generally measured using an optical goniometer (figure 1a). In this method, a collimated beam from a light source illuminates the sample at an angle ui (which is varied by rotating the sample) and the scattered light in reflection and transmi ...
... The optical response averaged over large surface areas is generally measured using an optical goniometer (figure 1a). In this method, a collimated beam from a light source illuminates the sample at an angle ui (which is varied by rotating the sample) and the scattered light in reflection and transmi ...
Chem 321 Lecture 11 - Chemical Activities
... The difference between the activity of solute ion An (aA) and its formal concentration ([An]) arises because of ionic interactions between mobile ions in a solution. Individual ions in solution are surrounded by ions of opposite charge (they are shielded). Consequently, the formal charge an ion proj ...
... The difference between the activity of solute ion An (aA) and its formal concentration ([An]) arises because of ionic interactions between mobile ions in a solution. Individual ions in solution are surrounded by ions of opposite charge (they are shielded). Consequently, the formal charge an ion proj ...
Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities - CNG Chemistry | Resources
... - difficult to measure their masses But, we will still need to know how many moles of gas we have we must know how many particles (atoms, ion, molecules) are taking part in chemical reactions Easy to measure the volume of a gas, but 2 things effect volumes of molar amounts of gases: a) Tempera ...
... - difficult to measure their masses But, we will still need to know how many moles of gas we have we must know how many particles (atoms, ion, molecules) are taking part in chemical reactions Easy to measure the volume of a gas, but 2 things effect volumes of molar amounts of gases: a) Tempera ...
Quantum effects in classical systems having complex energy
... equations are treated as initial-value problems in classical mechanics. However, the timedependent Schrödinger equation is required to satisfy nonlocal boundary conditions that guarantee that the total probability of finding the particle is finite. For stationary states these boundary conditions de ...
... equations are treated as initial-value problems in classical mechanics. However, the timedependent Schrödinger equation is required to satisfy nonlocal boundary conditions that guarantee that the total probability of finding the particle is finite. For stationary states these boundary conditions de ...
Chapter 1 Non-equilibrium Green Functions and the
... mechanical description of electronic transport. At the atomic level a classical description of physical systems gives way to quantum mechanics - and in some cases, special relativity. As we have already mentioned, decreasing the sizes of electronic devices presents tantalising perspectives, however ...
... mechanical description of electronic transport. At the atomic level a classical description of physical systems gives way to quantum mechanics - and in some cases, special relativity. As we have already mentioned, decreasing the sizes of electronic devices presents tantalising perspectives, however ...
Module P8.3 Multi
... arrangement of electrons in more detail. Photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the energy levels that compose each electron shell are themselves grouped together in subshells of very similar energy. Subsection 3.1 describes some empirical rules for working out the maximum number of electrons that ma ...
... arrangement of electrons in more detail. Photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the energy levels that compose each electron shell are themselves grouped together in subshells of very similar energy. Subsection 3.1 describes some empirical rules for working out the maximum number of electrons that ma ...
2014 Exams
... then reacted with H2SO4, giving a white precipitate. The decantate from this precipitate is then reacted with KCN, followed by (NH4)2S (aq), which results in a yellow solid. Decantate “A” is treated with concentrated HCl, which first produces an orange precipitate, then with more HCl the solid compl ...
... then reacted with H2SO4, giving a white precipitate. The decantate from this precipitate is then reacted with KCN, followed by (NH4)2S (aq), which results in a yellow solid. Decantate “A” is treated with concentrated HCl, which first produces an orange precipitate, then with more HCl the solid compl ...
1 MATTER: Anything which occupies space , has volume and can
... a. An irregular shape or no regular arrangement of particles. b. A short range order i.e. regular arrangement of particle in small space. c. Do not have definite heat of fusion. Gradually soften/ melt/ fuses over a range of temperature. (not fixed) d. Isotropic in nature i.e. their physical properti ...
... a. An irregular shape or no regular arrangement of particles. b. A short range order i.e. regular arrangement of particle in small space. c. Do not have definite heat of fusion. Gradually soften/ melt/ fuses over a range of temperature. (not fixed) d. Isotropic in nature i.e. their physical properti ...
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science. Sometimes referred to as high-energy ion scattering (HEIS) spectrometry, RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high energy ions (typically protons or alpha particles) impinging on a sample.