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18. Cranial Nerves
18. Cranial Nerves

... blindness in part or all of the visual field ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals

... mapsat three levels of cortical processing in the somatosensorycortex, and for changes that cannot be easily attributed to the relay of subcortical reorganizations. To date, the bulk of the evidence for plasticity in maps stems from experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory a ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to

... Andersen, 1987; Goldman-Rakic, 19871, mainly via the parahippocampal cortices (PH) (Jones and Powell, 1970; Van Hoesen, 1982; Amaral, 1987; Tranel et al., 1988). Recent results indicate that the HF, and the system to which it belongs, are essential for acquisition, relation, combination, and conjunc ...
PDF
PDF

... that given by the first experiment. Experiment on the pretreatment of sympathetic ganglia in vitro In this experiment the concentration of NGF was, inadvertently, somewhat lower than in the experiments on sensory ganglia and produced a mean score of 2-5 under standard conditions. Analysis of varianc ...
Electrophysiology of Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexopathies
Electrophysiology of Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexopathies

... muscles within 3–6 mo after the acute injury. In cases where axonal continuity cannot be demonstrated initially (i.e., lesions characterized by complete denervation in some muscles), serial electrodiagnostic studies may be used to search for any evidence of recovery so that, in cases where no reinne ...
the-senses-of-smell-and-taste
the-senses-of-smell-and-taste

... • The inner ear is protected by the hardest bone in the body. • The cochlea is a bony tube that contains fluids as well as neurons that move in response to the vibrations of the fluids. • The movement generates neural impulses that are transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve. • Within the br ...
12 - Mrs. Jensen's Science Classroom
12 - Mrs. Jensen's Science Classroom

... • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
The Thalamus
The Thalamus

... Galen used the Greek word thalamos, meaning an inner room or storeroom of a Greek or Roman house, to refer to a reservoir in the brain of vital spirit that could be transferred to the optic nerve and thence down the nerve to the eye. This gave the thalamus a relationship to the optic nerve that surv ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker

... and plasticity. In most Pavlovian conditioning paradigms an auditory stimulus is used as the conditioned stimulus (CS), but conditioning to a tactile CS can also be accomplished. The whisker-to-barrel tactile system in mice offers a convenient way to investigate the brain pathways and mechanisms of ...
neuroanatomy - NC State Veterinary Medicine
neuroanatomy - NC State Veterinary Medicine

... medial tectospinal (tectospinal) tract = orientation of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual input spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of se ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal

... the broad themes raised in the Keynote talks: “What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex-Endowed Animal Do with Smells?” This somewhat non-traditional approach to the topic of chemosensory processing and the OFC is motivated by a simple fact (which was admittedly difficult for an olfactory neuroscientist, su ...
Causes, diagnosis and treatment of visceral hallucinations
Causes, diagnosis and treatment of visceral hallucinations

... hallucinations we will also briefly mention external bodily hallucinations. External bodily sensations are superficial sensations, such as touch, temperature and proprioception. These sensations are well localised and represented in the primary somatosensory cortex.3 External bodily hallucinations a ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic

... SYNOPSIS. The phylogenetic origins of the lateral line electrosensory, lateral line mechanosensory, and auditory components of the octavolateralis system are unknown but each of these sensory modalities appears to have evolved early in vertebrate history. The octavolateralis terminal field occupies ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions

... pathways are also called ascending pathways because the sensory information gathered by sensory receptors ascends through the spinal cord to the brain, while motor pathways are also called descending pathways because they transmit motor information that descends from the brain through the spinal cor ...
University of Groningen The hearing brain in males and
University of Groningen The hearing brain in males and

... activity in the living brain is direct single cell recording, i.e. an electrode is inserted directly into the brain. This technique is restricted to animal studies because of the invasiveness. This technique gives detailed information about the moment of neuronal firing and about the location of the ...
Dysphagia: Structure and process of the normal swallow
Dysphagia: Structure and process of the normal swallow

... • http://www.asha.org/docs/html/PP2004-00191.html • Please familiarize yourself with it!!! ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating

... and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide afferents to the R.F •• Forbes (1949) found it difficult to assume that barbiturate anesthesia, which synchroniz ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in

... (≤4 Hz) were observed particularly in deep channels whereas beta (12–30 Hz) frequency was relatively prominent around presumptive thalamic recipient layers compared to other layers. After BF stimulations (Fig. 3b), the delta component in deep layers decreased whereas the low gamma (30–50 Hz) compone ...
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense

... These evidences indicate that sensory afferent inputs conveying kinesthetic or proprioceptive information to the brain are important for the brain to archive precise and elaborate control of limb movements. Furthermore, it also might be true that the kinesthetic feedback information during limb move ...
Zimb_AP_Ch04 - Somerset Academy
Zimb_AP_Ch04 - Somerset Academy

... Subliminal Persuasion Studies have found that subliminal words flashed briefly on a screen can “prime” a person’s later responses No controlled research has ever shown that subliminal messages delivered to a mass audience can influence people’s buying habits ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior

... all responses are short-latency (<100 ms). The SCi projects to the brainstem and spinal cord premotor circuitry for controlling eyes, head, and limb or body movements [14,19,25]. The eye movement system is controlled by a gate in the brainstem reticular formation created by the omni-pause neurons (O ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
Spinal cord and reflexes

...  Higher centers inhibit spinal reflexes by  Stimulating inhibitory neurons  Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons  Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
Spinal cord and reflexes

...  Higher centers inhibit spinal reflexes by  Stimulating inhibitory neurons  Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons  Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB

... At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would appear in case of a lesion ...
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB

... At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would appear in case of a lesion ...
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Sensory substitution

Sensory substitution means to transform the characteristics of one sensory modality into stimuli of another sensory modality. It is hoped that sensory substitution systems can help people by restoring their ability to perceive a certain defective sensory modality by using sensory information from a functioning sensory modality. A sensory substitution system consists of three parts: a sensor, a coupling system, and a stimulator. The sensor records stimuli and gives them to a coupling system which interprets these signals and transmits them to a stimulator. In case the sensor obtains signals of a kind not originally available to the bearer it is a case of sensory augmentation. Sensory substitution concerns human perception and the plasticity of the human brain; and therefore, allows us to study these aspects of neuroscience more through neuroimaging.
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