construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... Structurally, the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS contains the spinal and cranial nerves leading into and out of the CNS. There are 12 cranial nerves. All other nerves in t ...
... Structurally, the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS contains the spinal and cranial nerves leading into and out of the CNS. There are 12 cranial nerves. All other nerves in t ...
Extended PDF
... control analyses. First, we evaluated participants’ eye movements based on eye-tracking data recorded concurrently during fMRI acquisition. Fixation was well maintained throughout the experiment with post-stimulus saccades detected in only 2.293% ± 1.043% (mean ± SEM) of the trials. Moreover, four ( ...
... control analyses. First, we evaluated participants’ eye movements based on eye-tracking data recorded concurrently during fMRI acquisition. Fixation was well maintained throughout the experiment with post-stimulus saccades detected in only 2.293% ± 1.043% (mean ± SEM) of the trials. Moreover, four ( ...
Sense Organs - mohamadtermos
... The ear is not only responsible for hearing, but also for balance! It is an organ that can distinguish between volume and pitch of sounds, as well as rotation in all three planes. The outer ear, or pinna, is responsible for channeling sound into the auditory canal. The tympanic membrane, commonly re ...
... The ear is not only responsible for hearing, but also for balance! It is an organ that can distinguish between volume and pitch of sounds, as well as rotation in all three planes. The outer ear, or pinna, is responsible for channeling sound into the auditory canal. The tympanic membrane, commonly re ...
A Hebbian learning rule gives rise to mirror neurons and links them
... depends on heterosynaptic competition between sensory afferents innervating the same motor neuron. We argue that from a synaptic perspective, this rule is considerably simpler and more plausible than previously proposed rules and computational approaches toward systems-level inverse models based on ...
... depends on heterosynaptic competition between sensory afferents innervating the same motor neuron. We argue that from a synaptic perspective, this rule is considerably simpler and more plausible than previously proposed rules and computational approaches toward systems-level inverse models based on ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... system, the functional architecture of the constituent neurons must be determined. This is an exceedingly difficult task in most sensory systems. However, in the cricket cercal system, it has been possible to collect adequate anatomical and physiological data about individual neurons in sufficient n ...
... system, the functional architecture of the constituent neurons must be determined. This is an exceedingly difficult task in most sensory systems. However, in the cricket cercal system, it has been possible to collect adequate anatomical and physiological data about individual neurons in sufficient n ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... Traditional research on the basic science of sensation asks what types of information the brain receives from the external world. To elucidate the classical view, as an example we will go through the visual system, the best known and the most relevant among sensory systems in Primates. The retinal r ...
... Traditional research on the basic science of sensation asks what types of information the brain receives from the external world. To elucidate the classical view, as an example we will go through the visual system, the best known and the most relevant among sensory systems in Primates. The retinal r ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... tween conditions with changing pitch and fixed pitch produced bilateral activation involving lateral HG, anterior planum PT, and planum polare (PP) anterior to HG, extending into STG, while contrasts between all conditions with changing spatial location and fixed location produced bilateral activati ...
... tween conditions with changing pitch and fixed pitch produced bilateral activation involving lateral HG, anterior planum PT, and planum polare (PP) anterior to HG, extending into STG, while contrasts between all conditions with changing spatial location and fixed location produced bilateral activati ...
19. Senses General and Special
... that open to the outside of the body, such as the nasal cavity, oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal. Interoceptors (in t́ er-ō-sep t́ er; inter = between), also called visceroceptors, detect stimuli in internal organs (viscera). These receptors are primarily stretch receptors in the smooth muscle o ...
... that open to the outside of the body, such as the nasal cavity, oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal. Interoceptors (in t́ er-ō-sep t́ er; inter = between), also called visceroceptors, detect stimuli in internal organs (viscera). These receptors are primarily stretch receptors in the smooth muscle o ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... during caesarean section deliveries, by reducing the dose of bupivacaine from 9mg to 6mg. Most of the pregnant women in our maternity ward, coming for elective caesarean sections are less than 160 cm of height and below 65kgs of weight, so these pregnant women may not require the traditional dose (1 ...
... during caesarean section deliveries, by reducing the dose of bupivacaine from 9mg to 6mg. Most of the pregnant women in our maternity ward, coming for elective caesarean sections are less than 160 cm of height and below 65kgs of weight, so these pregnant women may not require the traditional dose (1 ...
The Reflex Arc and Reflexes Lab
... (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (nerve fibers) lead outward to effectors. Thus, when a sensory receptor is stimul ...
... (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (nerve fibers) lead outward to effectors. Thus, when a sensory receptor is stimul ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... is the first place where bilateral whisker sensory afferents converge (Erzurumlu and Kilacky 1980; Smith 1973; Waite 1969). Accordingly, Shuler et al. (2002) found that intact S1 cortex in both hemispheres was required for successful performance of a bilateral tactile discrimination task. If S1 is a ...
... is the first place where bilateral whisker sensory afferents converge (Erzurumlu and Kilacky 1980; Smith 1973; Waite 1969). Accordingly, Shuler et al. (2002) found that intact S1 cortex in both hemispheres was required for successful performance of a bilateral tactile discrimination task. If S1 is a ...
The World: Psychology
... – When paints or pigments are mixed, so that when light falls on the colored object some wavelengths are absorbed (or subtracted) and others are reflected. – Black is the absorption of all wavelengths – White is the reflection of all wavelengths ...
... – When paints or pigments are mixed, so that when light falls on the colored object some wavelengths are absorbed (or subtracted) and others are reflected. – Black is the absorption of all wavelengths – White is the reflection of all wavelengths ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... Thus, for better or for worse, he works on the assumption of the “one neuronone receptor hypothesis.” There is, however, some evidence that olfactory sensory neurons can actually produce several receptor types ...
... Thus, for better or for worse, he works on the assumption of the “one neuronone receptor hypothesis.” There is, however, some evidence that olfactory sensory neurons can actually produce several receptor types ...
Sensory gating impairment associated with schizophrenia persists
... sleep are within the previously established ‘‘normal’’ range for control subjects (Kisley, Olincy, & Freedman, 2001). However, it has not been shown that populations known to exhibit high rates of gating impairment during wakingFsuch as persons with schizophreniaFalso exhibit high rates of gating im ...
... sleep are within the previously established ‘‘normal’’ range for control subjects (Kisley, Olincy, & Freedman, 2001). However, it has not been shown that populations known to exhibit high rates of gating impairment during wakingFsuch as persons with schizophreniaFalso exhibit high rates of gating im ...
Visuospatial processing and the right
... perform either a spatial- or an identity-matching task using the same stimuli. When the task required an identity match, the two hemispheres performed similarly. In the spatial matching version, however, the right hemisphere performed significantly better than the left. This implies that the asymmetr ...
... perform either a spatial- or an identity-matching task using the same stimuli. When the task required an identity match, the two hemispheres performed similarly. In the spatial matching version, however, the right hemisphere performed significantly better than the left. This implies that the asymmetr ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of sensory cells, neurons or nerve fibres (e.g., deafferentation). That is, the brain modifies as a function of the stimulation it receives, changes which may or may not be ...
... within these systems can change when there (1) are altered patterns of stimulation (peripheral or central) and/or (2) is a loss of sensory cells, neurons or nerve fibres (e.g., deafferentation). That is, the brain modifies as a function of the stimulation it receives, changes which may or may not be ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... While reporting the results of fully awake craniotomy, Pereira et al (2005) described that neocortical manipulation of frontal, temporal, parietal or occiptal lobes was unpainful in 38 consecutive patients, whereas 10 out of 10 patients reported intense pain during vascular, arachnoid or cortical di ...
... While reporting the results of fully awake craniotomy, Pereira et al (2005) described that neocortical manipulation of frontal, temporal, parietal or occiptal lobes was unpainful in 38 consecutive patients, whereas 10 out of 10 patients reported intense pain during vascular, arachnoid or cortical di ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... assumption of functional independence: Once the information represented by individual RFs is known, it should be possible to deduce how neurons collectively represent the objects of perceptual experience. This assumption of independence, in turn, has fostered a localizationist view, in which differe ...
... assumption of functional independence: Once the information represented by individual RFs is known, it should be possible to deduce how neurons collectively represent the objects of perceptual experience. This assumption of independence, in turn, has fostered a localizationist view, in which differe ...
Patterns of sensory intermodality relationships in the cerebral cortex
... areas was determined according to Nissl stain cytoarchitecture (Welker, '71, '76; Welker and Sinha, '721, and by the lateral callosal band of labeling through which the border passed (Figs. 2B,C; Olavarria et al., '84). The medial border of area S1 was also delineated by bands of dense callosal labe ...
... areas was determined according to Nissl stain cytoarchitecture (Welker, '71, '76; Welker and Sinha, '721, and by the lateral callosal band of labeling through which the border passed (Figs. 2B,C; Olavarria et al., '84). The medial border of area S1 was also delineated by bands of dense callosal labe ...
Document
... another – especially the transformation of stimulus information into nerve impulses Receptors – Specialized neurons that are activated by stimulation and transduce (convert) it into a nerve impulse Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006 ...
... another – especially the transformation of stimulus information into nerve impulses Receptors – Specialized neurons that are activated by stimulation and transduce (convert) it into a nerve impulse Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006 ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... anatomical and single-unit recording studies point to multisensory integration in polysensory areas located in temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). However there is recent electrophysiological and brain imaging evidence that visual, auditory, and somatosensory integration oc ...
... anatomical and single-unit recording studies point to multisensory integration in polysensory areas located in temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). However there is recent electrophysiological and brain imaging evidence that visual, auditory, and somatosensory integration oc ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... peripheral system is vast but historical aspects will receive little attention because there is currently general agreement as to the specific functions of lateral line receptors. In the final analysis, regardless of the differential response of the peripheral receptor, behavioral activity depends u ...
... peripheral system is vast but historical aspects will receive little attention because there is currently general agreement as to the specific functions of lateral line receptors. In the final analysis, regardless of the differential response of the peripheral receptor, behavioral activity depends u ...
The Neural Basis of Individual Holistic and Spectral Sound Perception
... The physicist August Seebeck was the first who demonstrated that the fundamental pitch can even be perceived when it is physically absent (Seebeck, 1843). In particular he observed that a group of higher harmonics (n 4 10) was collectively heard as a solitary sharp fundamental pitch. This type of pe ...
... The physicist August Seebeck was the first who demonstrated that the fundamental pitch can even be perceived when it is physically absent (Seebeck, 1843). In particular he observed that a group of higher harmonics (n 4 10) was collectively heard as a solitary sharp fundamental pitch. This type of pe ...
File - Shabeer Dawar
... activity by releasing neurotransmitter substances. • At the termination of somatic efferent fiber(supplying skeletal muscles) the transmitter released is acetylcholine. • On the other hand at the termination of the visceral efferent fibers (supplying smooth muscle and glandular epithelium) two diffe ...
... activity by releasing neurotransmitter substances. • At the termination of somatic efferent fiber(supplying skeletal muscles) the transmitter released is acetylcholine. • On the other hand at the termination of the visceral efferent fibers (supplying smooth muscle and glandular epithelium) two diffe ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... attention are initiated by a transient control signal that ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli accor ...
... attention are initiated by a transient control signal that ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli accor ...