7.13 Experimental Microbial Genetics
... Incident light passes through an annular diaphragm, which focuses a ring of light on the sample. Light that passes unobstructed through the specimen is focused by the objective lens onto the phase-retarding gray phase ring (on the surface of the objective lens), which absorbs some of the direct ligh ...
... Incident light passes through an annular diaphragm, which focuses a ring of light on the sample. Light that passes unobstructed through the specimen is focused by the objective lens onto the phase-retarding gray phase ring (on the surface of the objective lens), which absorbs some of the direct ligh ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... 17], to the momentum and angular momentum of the electromagnetic field [19-22], to some quadratic identities in electromagnetism [23] and to quantum electrodynamic calculations in the Coulomb gauge [2, 3]. This assumption is justified by the fact that the arguments used in this paper use relationshi ...
... 17], to the momentum and angular momentum of the electromagnetic field [19-22], to some quadratic identities in electromagnetism [23] and to quantum electrodynamic calculations in the Coulomb gauge [2, 3]. This assumption is justified by the fact that the arguments used in this paper use relationshi ...
Digital holography of total internal reflection
... microscopy (TIRFM) to be an effective technique to study cell-substrate contact. When light is incident from inside of a higher-index medium n1 into a lower-index one n2 , with the angle of incidence greater than the critical angle θ c = sin ( n2 n1 ) , all of the incident light is reflected back to ...
... microscopy (TIRFM) to be an effective technique to study cell-substrate contact. When light is incident from inside of a higher-index medium n1 into a lower-index one n2 , with the angle of incidence greater than the critical angle θ c = sin ( n2 n1 ) , all of the incident light is reflected back to ...
field in the focal region of high-numerical aperture systems
... where C is a closed contour of winding number one that is traversed counter-clockwise. The topological index is defined as the topological charge of the field ∇ψðrÞ. According to Eq. (5a) the electric field component ex in the focal plane (u = 0) is purely imaginary. As noted by Richards and Wolf [36], ...
... where C is a closed contour of winding number one that is traversed counter-clockwise. The topological index is defined as the topological charge of the field ∇ψðrÞ. According to Eq. (5a) the electric field component ex in the focal plane (u = 0) is purely imaginary. As noted by Richards and Wolf [36], ...
Photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a metal-backed
... The technique and apparatus used to measure the reflectivity have been described elsewhere.10 Coupling of incident light to bound modes of the device was observed as a reflectivity dip, the magnitude of which corresponded to the coupling strength. The angle and wavelength dependence of the sample re ...
... The technique and apparatus used to measure the reflectivity have been described elsewhere.10 Coupling of incident light to bound modes of the device was observed as a reflectivity dip, the magnitude of which corresponded to the coupling strength. The angle and wavelength dependence of the sample re ...
Laser Modes
... frequency of light is emitted with a well-defined phase—and spatial coherence—the light is also emitted in a highly parallel beam.) However, the wavelength distribution of laser light is more complicated than you might initially think. Rather than emitting at a single wavelength, the laser instead e ...
... frequency of light is emitted with a well-defined phase—and spatial coherence—the light is also emitted in a highly parallel beam.) However, the wavelength distribution of laser light is more complicated than you might initially think. Rather than emitting at a single wavelength, the laser instead e ...
Novel biosensor for detecting Hemoglobin and its oxidation state
... functions ε2 and ε4, respectively, are separated by a spacer layer of thickness d3 and dielectric function ε3. On either side of the waveguides two nano-channels are placed, one acting as the sample (with width ds and dielectric function εs) and the other as the reference (with width and dielectric ...
... functions ε2 and ε4, respectively, are separated by a spacer layer of thickness d3 and dielectric function ε3. On either side of the waveguides two nano-channels are placed, one acting as the sample (with width ds and dielectric function εs) and the other as the reference (with width and dielectric ...
Comparative Study of the One Dimensional Dielectric and Metallic
... function repeats itself in one dimension (1D) the structure called one dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC), if it repeats itself in 2D or 3D the structure called 2D or 3D PC. The one dimensional photonic crystal (Figure 1) is a multilayered media. It is worthy to mention that, the propagation of ph ...
... function repeats itself in one dimension (1D) the structure called one dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC), if it repeats itself in 2D or 3D the structure called 2D or 3D PC. The one dimensional photonic crystal (Figure 1) is a multilayered media. It is worthy to mention that, the propagation of ph ...
Refractive indexes of (Al,Ga,In)As epilayers on InP for optoelectronic
... wavelengths as shown in Fig. 1. This increases the measurement uncertainty in the fringe amplitude and mode position. We have minimized this error by performing the spectrophotometer background correction with a bare InP substrate (rather than a metal mirror). The fringe amplitude is the determined ...
... wavelengths as shown in Fig. 1. This increases the measurement uncertainty in the fringe amplitude and mode position. We have minimized this error by performing the spectrophotometer background correction with a bare InP substrate (rather than a metal mirror). The fringe amplitude is the determined ...
Open Frame CD/DVD Reader
... subsequent chapter explains the behaviour and properties of photo diodes. For the separation of the incident and reflected beam an arrangement of a polarising beam splitter and quarter wave plate is used. This arrangement is also termed as optical diode and is used very often in optical sensor syste ...
... subsequent chapter explains the behaviour and properties of photo diodes. For the separation of the incident and reflected beam an arrangement of a polarising beam splitter and quarter wave plate is used. This arrangement is also termed as optical diode and is used very often in optical sensor syste ...
Electromagnetic forces in the vacuum region of laser
... longitudinal wave. The original formulation by Pai and Awada does not include a treatment of longitudinalwave eigenmodes nor of the TM polarization. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents an overview of the grating eigenmode decomposition method and Section 3 describes the expansion ...
... longitudinal wave. The original formulation by Pai and Awada does not include a treatment of longitudinalwave eigenmodes nor of the TM polarization. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents an overview of the grating eigenmode decomposition method and Section 3 describes the expansion ...