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Retarder Principles
Retarder Principles

... Quartz has a birefringence of ~0.0092 in the visible region. From the equations shown on the previous page, a true zeroorder quartz quarter waveplate for 550 nm operation is only 15 mm thick. Such a thin, fragile retarder presents handling difficulties in both fabrication and mounting. More commonly ...
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... very wide range of length scales, and glasses are usually ideally isotropic. These properties lead to the practical absence of visible light scattering, and also to the absence of birefringence. Unless glass is dedicatedly doped with specific coloring (or scattering) agents, glass-light interaction ...
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... VN measurements can extend over almost the entire wavelength range of the PE Lambda 900, out to 3300 nm with the correct lens in place on the accessory. The PELA 6000 VN design is also advantageous over the traditional VW absolute specular reflectance accessory, which is typically available only for ...
Proteins in High Electric Fields - BYU ScholarsArchive
Proteins in High Electric Fields - BYU ScholarsArchive

Fundamentals of beam physics
Fundamentals of beam physics

Untitled
Untitled

Metastable noble gas atoms in strong
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... order of χ above the first order introduces different nonlinear effects, but the key concept here is that the nonlinear processes become more pronounced under higher electric field intensities, which is why few-cycle pulses are of interest to studies of nonlinear optics. Of particular interest to ge ...
Analytic design method for optimal imaging: coupling three ray sets
Analytic design method for optimal imaging: coupling three ray sets

... lens surface. At this point, all necessary information is provided - the focus positions and optical path lengths for on- and off-axis ray sets. Figure 3(c) consists of two steps. First P3 and its correspondent normal vector are mirrored along the optical axis resulting in Q3 and its associated norm ...
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The Scintillation Index In Moderate To Strong Turbulence
The Scintillation Index In Moderate To Strong Turbulence

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Power efficiency of a semiconductor laser with an external cavity

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IX71/IX81 - Olympus Microscopy Resource Center

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... also lacks the flexibility of changing the analytical lines at will since the slits are positioned permanently. An echelle grating based spectrometer with a charge coupled device (CCD) detector overcomes these limitations by allowing continuous recording of lines in the entire wavelength band of the ...
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... The physics of diffraction plays an important role in many scientific and engineering fields. In this chapter we explain diffraction using the wave nature of light and discuss several applications of diffraction in science and technology. ...
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Homogeneous and isotropic bends to tunnel waves

... isotropic negative refraction index material [15]. Although these benders are more advanced than previous benders [9–13], they imply that: (1) the benders can only connect two waveguides of equal width; (2) they are still difficult to realize due to the bender with inhomogeneous materials [14] or wi ...
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Characteristic properties of Mueller matrices. JJ Gil

... beam could decrease when it interacts with some kinds of deterministic optical systems (for example diattenuators). Furthermore, in some circumstances, deterministic optical systems can depolarize totally polarized polychromatic light12 and the system can not be represented by a Jones matrix. Some p ...
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Experimental characterization of the optical fiber sensors Andrei Stancalie, Gelu Ilie
Experimental characterization of the optical fiber sensors Andrei Stancalie, Gelu Ilie

... and the reference sensor, were simultaneously recorded in the laboratory. The calibration procedure of the optical fiber sensors aims to: a) study their parameters at constant temperature; the Bragg sensors parameters are stored in databases which contain also, the recorded Bragg peak shift, the fib ...
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Lock Acquisition in Resonant Optical Interferometers
Lock Acquisition in Resonant Optical Interferometers

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... 2. Introduction:Optical fibers are arguably one of the world’s most influential scientific developments from the latter half of the 20th century. Normally we are unaware that we are using them, although many of us do frequently. The majority of telephone calls and internet traffic at some stage in ...
Optical Fuzzy Logic for Low-Power Satellite
Optical Fuzzy Logic for Low-Power Satellite

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Nonlinear optics

Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behavior of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the dielectric polarization P responds nonlinearly to the electric field E of the light. This nonlinearity is typically only observed at very high light intensities (values of the electric field comparable to interatomic electric fields, typically 108 V/m) such as those provided by lasers. Above the Schwinger limit, the vacuum itself is expected to become nonlinear. In nonlinear optics, the superposition principle no longer holds.Nonlinear optics remained unexplored until the discovery of Second harmonic generation shortly after demonstration of the first laser. (Peter Franken et al. at University of Michigan in 1961)
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