264KB - NZQA
... • clouds reflect radiation from the Sun back into space preventing it from reaching Earth’s surface • clouds trap long-wavelength radiation from the Earth’s surface and re-radiate it back to Earth. Effect of low and high clouds on Earth’s radiation Low level clouds tend to be thick and reflect much ...
... • clouds reflect radiation from the Sun back into space preventing it from reaching Earth’s surface • clouds trap long-wavelength radiation from the Earth’s surface and re-radiate it back to Earth. Effect of low and high clouds on Earth’s radiation Low level clouds tend to be thick and reflect much ...
The layer model
... are looking There is a solution to thelayer model forwhich allthebudgetsbalance.we Tgro'n6 and ?itmospher.._solving for Tground and Tu1*o,n6t" ...
... are looking There is a solution to thelayer model forwhich allthebudgetsbalance.we Tgro'n6 and ?itmospher.._solving for Tground and Tu1*o,n6t" ...
Terrestrial Planets
... Strong greenhouse effect raises Venus’s temperature by over 400 K, and night is as warm as in daytime. Ex.9: calculate the temperature of Venus if no greenhouse effect were present. Using Stefan-Boltzman law to relate blackbody radiation and ...
... Strong greenhouse effect raises Venus’s temperature by over 400 K, and night is as warm as in daytime. Ex.9: calculate the temperature of Venus if no greenhouse effect were present. Using Stefan-Boltzman law to relate blackbody radiation and ...
ATMOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE
... the time of year when earth is closest to the sun. C. Milankovitch hypothesized that it is the amount of insolation reaching the polar regions in summer, and not minor differences in total global insolation, that induce large-scale climatic changes such as the ice ages. D. Observations that periods ...
... the time of year when earth is closest to the sun. C. Milankovitch hypothesized that it is the amount of insolation reaching the polar regions in summer, and not minor differences in total global insolation, that induce large-scale climatic changes such as the ice ages. D. Observations that periods ...
Energy from the Sun
... • The rotation of Earth causes moving air and water to turn to the right north of the equator and to the left south of the equator. • This is called the Coriolis effect. ...
... • The rotation of Earth causes moving air and water to turn to the right north of the equator and to the left south of the equator. • This is called the Coriolis effect. ...
Satellite View of Earth infrared (LW) visible (SW)
... • atmospheric composition and absorption of LW and SW • greenhouse gas absorption - how does it work? • two competing roles of clouds in energy balance • local energy balance, diurnal effects ...
... • atmospheric composition and absorption of LW and SW • greenhouse gas absorption - how does it work? • two competing roles of clouds in energy balance • local energy balance, diurnal effects ...
Planet “X” has an atmospheric composition of 85% oxygen and 15
... 63. Temperature decreases with an increase in altitude within this layer. This layer is the layer above the surface of the Earth. This is where weather occurs and where one can find geese, clouds, and mountains. 64. Temperature increases with an increase in altitude within this layer. Jet planes us ...
... 63. Temperature decreases with an increase in altitude within this layer. This layer is the layer above the surface of the Earth. This is where weather occurs and where one can find geese, clouds, and mountains. 64. Temperature increases with an increase in altitude within this layer. Jet planes us ...
Layers of the Atmosphere
... weather weather occurs “Tropo” means turning or changing; named because conditions are always changing Shallowest layer of the atmosphere with almost all of the mass of the entire atmosphere… How is this possible? It is the most dense because gravity pull the molecules towards the surface. As altitu ...
... weather weather occurs “Tropo” means turning or changing; named because conditions are always changing Shallowest layer of the atmosphere with almost all of the mass of the entire atmosphere… How is this possible? It is the most dense because gravity pull the molecules towards the surface. As altitu ...
The Earth`s Atmosphere-I
... the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The PSCs form during extreme cold winter. Low T at pole form cloud particles and are composed by nitric acid (Type I PSC) or Ice (Type II PSC). Both types provide surfaces for chemical reactions that lead to O3 destruction. ...
... the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The PSCs form during extreme cold winter. Low T at pole form cloud particles and are composed by nitric acid (Type I PSC) or Ice (Type II PSC). Both types provide surfaces for chemical reactions that lead to O3 destruction. ...
Lesson5a_Venus
... Days) and in the opposite direction of that of the other planets. • On Venus the Sun would rise in the west and set in the East. • On Venus, a year is 1.92 Venus days long. So if you were on Venus you would have about 2 days each year. • The slow rotation and small differences in surface temperature ...
... Days) and in the opposite direction of that of the other planets. • On Venus the Sun would rise in the west and set in the East. • On Venus, a year is 1.92 Venus days long. So if you were on Venus you would have about 2 days each year. • The slow rotation and small differences in surface temperature ...
ClimateModelling2
... • The atmosphere is affected a lot by the state of the earth’s surface. • The state of the earth’s surface is affected by the atmosphere. • Early models assumed fixed conditions at the boundaries. More recent ones include interactions; needs mathematical modelling of lots of complicated processes. • ...
... • The atmosphere is affected a lot by the state of the earth’s surface. • The state of the earth’s surface is affected by the atmosphere. • Early models assumed fixed conditions at the boundaries. More recent ones include interactions; needs mathematical modelling of lots of complicated processes. • ...
Urbanization and the..
... • Solar radiation is attenuated as it passes through the earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere contains particles and gases, which affect the incoming radiation through the mechanisms of scattering and absorption. • Scattering causes changes in direction and intensity of radiation. • Absorption causes ...
... • Solar radiation is attenuated as it passes through the earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere contains particles and gases, which affect the incoming radiation through the mechanisms of scattering and absorption. • Scattering causes changes in direction and intensity of radiation. • Absorption causes ...
problems associated with the urban environment in
... • Solar radiation is attenuated as it passes through the earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere contains particles and gases, which affect the incoming radiation through the mechanisms of scattering and absorption. • Scattering causes changes in direction and intensity of radiation. • Absorption causes ...
... • Solar radiation is attenuated as it passes through the earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere contains particles and gases, which affect the incoming radiation through the mechanisms of scattering and absorption. • Scattering causes changes in direction and intensity of radiation. • Absorption causes ...
Weather and atmosphere learning targets 2016 KEY
... Mesosphere-above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. the middle layer of the atmosphere. it is also the coldest layer. Thermosphere-the uppermost atmospheric layer. in the thermosphere, temperature again increases with altitude. Ionosphere-in the upper mesosphere and the lower thermosphere. nitrogen ...
... Mesosphere-above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. the middle layer of the atmosphere. it is also the coldest layer. Thermosphere-the uppermost atmospheric layer. in the thermosphere, temperature again increases with altitude. Ionosphere-in the upper mesosphere and the lower thermosphere. nitrogen ...
Yung_Parkinson_PSseminar04 - Division of Geological and
... •Not able to get an exact sol’n at the critical point obtaining the supersonic solution ...
... •Not able to get an exact sol’n at the critical point obtaining the supersonic solution ...
WARM-UP # 79 - East Hanover Township School District
... Which rocks are the most common? Is that the same as the type we most see at Earth’s surface? Igneous rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist below the surface you might not have seen too many of them. 75 percent of the rocks exposed at the surface are sedimentary ro ...
... Which rocks are the most common? Is that the same as the type we most see at Earth’s surface? Igneous rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist below the surface you might not have seen too many of them. 75 percent of the rocks exposed at the surface are sedimentary ro ...
climate
... consists of several layers with different temperatures, pressures, and compositions. ...
... consists of several layers with different temperatures, pressures, and compositions. ...
10.1 The Present-Day Climate 421
... simple radiative-convective equilibrium models by artificially limiting the lapse rate, as shown in Fig. 10.4. The tropospheres of Mars and Venus and the photosphere of the sun2 can be modeled in a similar manner. The concept of radiative-convective equilibrium is helpful in resolving the apparent p ...
... simple radiative-convective equilibrium models by artificially limiting the lapse rate, as shown in Fig. 10.4. The tropospheres of Mars and Venus and the photosphere of the sun2 can be modeled in a similar manner. The concept of radiative-convective equilibrium is helpful in resolving the apparent p ...
01_HSPE Review Earth A.pub
... fected by conduction? B. carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). A. Most energy transfer by conduction occurs C. ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). right at Earth's surface. D. nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2). B. At night, the ground cools, conducting heat ...
... fected by conduction? B. carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). A. Most energy transfer by conduction occurs C. ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). right at Earth's surface. D. nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2). B. At night, the ground cools, conducting heat ...
Composition of the Atmosphere
... Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere • Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere commonly broken into layers ...
... Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere • Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere commonly broken into layers ...
CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
... behaves as a homogeneous gas of molecular weight Ma = 29 g mol-1. Dalton’s law stipulates that each component of the air mixture must behave as if it were alone in the atmosphere. One might then expect different components to have different scale heights determined by their molecular weight. In part ...
... behaves as a homogeneous gas of molecular weight Ma = 29 g mol-1. Dalton’s law stipulates that each component of the air mixture must behave as if it were alone in the atmosphere. One might then expect different components to have different scale heights determined by their molecular weight. In part ...
Chapter 13 Unit Notes - Moore Public Schools
... a. Jet streams flow from the west at up to 300 km/h, often making large loops from north to south. b. Jet streams influence weather, moving cold air from the poles toward the equator. C. Local Winds 1. Local winds occur when air pressure differs from one location to another. 2. A(n) sea breeze is a ...
... a. Jet streams flow from the west at up to 300 km/h, often making large loops from north to south. b. Jet streams influence weather, moving cold air from the poles toward the equator. C. Local Winds 1. Local winds occur when air pressure differs from one location to another. 2. A(n) sea breeze is a ...
11b. Cloud-Covered Venus Venus Data (Table 11
... Venus is the second planet from the Sun Venus is the second largest terrestrial planet Venus has many active volcanoes Venus is almost a twin of the Earth except … – Venus has ~ 93 times Earth’s atmosphere – Venus’ atmosphere is ~ 96% CO2 – Venus is perpetually cloud covered – Venus’ average sur ...
... Venus is the second planet from the Sun Venus is the second largest terrestrial planet Venus has many active volcanoes Venus is almost a twin of the Earth except … – Venus has ~ 93 times Earth’s atmosphere – Venus’ atmosphere is ~ 96% CO2 – Venus is perpetually cloud covered – Venus’ average sur ...
Chapter 11b: Cloud-Covered Venus PowerPoint
... Venus is the second planet from the Sun Venus is the second largest terrestrial planet Venus has many active volcanoes Venus is almost a twin of the Earth except … – Venus has ~ 93 times Earth’s atmosphere – Venus’ atmosphere is ~ 96% CO2 – Venus is perpetually cloud covered – Venus’ average surface ...
... Venus is the second planet from the Sun Venus is the second largest terrestrial planet Venus has many active volcanoes Venus is almost a twin of the Earth except … – Venus has ~ 93 times Earth’s atmosphere – Venus’ atmosphere is ~ 96% CO2 – Venus is perpetually cloud covered – Venus’ average surface ...
Atmosphere of Venus
The atmosphere of Venus is the layer of gases surrounding Venus. It is composed primarily of carbon dioxide and is much denser and hotter than that of Earth. The temperature at the surface is 740 K (467 °C, 872 °F), whereas the pressure is 93 bar. The Venusian atmosphere supports opaque clouds made of sulfuric acid, making optical Earth-based and orbital observation of the surface impossible. Information about the topography has been obtained exclusively by radar imaging. Aside from carbon dioxide, the other main component is nitrogen. Other chemical compounds are present only in trace amounts.Mikhail Lomonosov was the first person to hypothesize the existence of an atmosphere on Venus based on his observation of the transit of Venus of 1761 in a small observatory near his house in Saint Petersburg.The atmosphere is in a state of vigorous circulation and super-rotation. The whole atmosphere circles the planet in just four Earth days, much faster than the planet's sidereal day of 243 days. The winds supporting super-rotation blow as fast as 100 m/s (~360 km/h or 220 mph). Winds move at up to 60 times the speed of the planet's rotation, while Earth's fastest winds are only 10% to 20% rotation speed. On the other hand, the wind speed becomes increasingly slower as the elevation from the surface decreases, with the breeze barely reaching the speed of 10 km/h on the surface. Near the poles are anticyclonic structures called polar vortices. Each vortex is double-eyed and shows a characteristic S-shaped pattern of clouds.Unlike Earth, Venus lacks a magnetic field. Its ionosphere separates the atmosphere from outer space and the solar wind. This ionised layer excludes the solar magnetic field, giving Venus a distinct magnetic environment. This is considered Venus's induced magnetosphere. Lighter gases, including water vapour, are continuously blown away by the solar wind through the induced magnetotail. It is speculated that the atmosphere of Venus up to around 4 billion years ago was more like that of the Earth with liquid water on the surface. A runaway greenhouse effect may have been caused by the evaporation of the surface water and subsequent rise of the levels of other greenhouse gases.Despite the harsh conditions on the surface, the atmospheric pressure and temperature at about 50 km to 65 km above the surface of the planet is nearly the same as that of the Earth, making its upper atmosphere the most Earth-like area in the Solar System, even more so than the surface of Mars. Due to the similarity in pressure and temperature and the fact that breathable air (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen) is a lifting gas on Venus in the same way that helium is a lifting gas on Earth, the upper atmosphere has been proposed as a location for both exploration and colonization.On January 29, 2013, ESA scientists reported that the ionosphere of the planet Venus streams outwards in a manner similar to ""the ion tail seen streaming from a comet under similar conditions.""