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Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy
... The laser first starts operation in a basically continuous way, but with significant fluctuation of the laser power. The saturable absorber acts to cause short-pulsed operation by absorbing the laser light in the cavity initially until the absorber is saturated meaning that eventually light will pa ...
... The laser first starts operation in a basically continuous way, but with significant fluctuation of the laser power. The saturable absorber acts to cause short-pulsed operation by absorbing the laser light in the cavity initially until the absorber is saturated meaning that eventually light will pa ...
Optical Cavity and laser Modes
... • The cavity mirrors are not exactly aligned perpendicular to the laser axis, and parallel to each other (symmetric), the radiation inside the cavity will not be confined during its path between the mirrors. • Absorption, scattering and losses in optical elements Since optical elements are not ideal ...
... • The cavity mirrors are not exactly aligned perpendicular to the laser axis, and parallel to each other (symmetric), the radiation inside the cavity will not be confined during its path between the mirrors. • Absorption, scattering and losses in optical elements Since optical elements are not ideal ...
Single-molecule super-resolution microscopy (STORM)
... been the lack of imaging tools with sufficient spatial resolution, because accuracy of ~10 nanometres (corresponding to the diameter of a single actin filament) is required to unequivocally assign interactions between molecules of actin-binding proteins and an actin filament. Over the last decade, t ...
... been the lack of imaging tools with sufficient spatial resolution, because accuracy of ~10 nanometres (corresponding to the diameter of a single actin filament) is required to unequivocally assign interactions between molecules of actin-binding proteins and an actin filament. Over the last decade, t ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... The FE-CDMA is similar to the DS-CDMA, but the coding is done in the frequency domain while in the DS-CDMA, the code multiplies the modulation signal in the time domain. Different wavelength represents different element in the codeword, and the presence of wavelength means “1” while the absence ...
... The FE-CDMA is similar to the DS-CDMA, but the coding is done in the frequency domain while in the DS-CDMA, the code multiplies the modulation signal in the time domain. Different wavelength represents different element in the codeword, and the presence of wavelength means “1” while the absence ...
Direct measurement of terahertz wavefront pulses using 2D electro
... plane. From this phase mapping, it is possible to calculate the surface of equi-phase, which constitutes the definition of the wavefront. To illustrate our method, we measured the optical aberrations of the THz beam presented in Fig. 1a, which is supposed to have a planar wavefront. The result is pr ...
... plane. From this phase mapping, it is possible to calculate the surface of equi-phase, which constitutes the definition of the wavefront. To illustrate our method, we measured the optical aberrations of the THz beam presented in Fig. 1a, which is supposed to have a planar wavefront. The result is pr ...
A Project Report on- *OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE*
... Some Parameters should be considered while operating an optical fibre cable,they are• ...
... Some Parameters should be considered while operating an optical fibre cable,they are• ...
Module P6.4 Optical instruments
... thick not thin, and the paraxial approximation breaks down if the aperture of the system is large. Objects cannot always be taken as lying on the optical axis and real lenses have dispersion, as the refractive index (and therefore the focal length) varies with wavelength. All these problems mean tha ...
... thick not thin, and the paraxial approximation breaks down if the aperture of the system is large. Objects cannot always be taken as lying on the optical axis and real lenses have dispersion, as the refractive index (and therefore the focal length) varies with wavelength. All these problems mean tha ...
Enhanced 3D spatial resolution in quantitative phase
... Optical microscopy has been widely used for hundred of years for bio-medical imaging. However, most of nonmodified biological samples are transparent at optical wavelengths, leading to low-contrast images when using a conventional intensity-sensitive sensor on a microscope. However, even if the samp ...
... Optical microscopy has been widely used for hundred of years for bio-medical imaging. However, most of nonmodified biological samples are transparent at optical wavelengths, leading to low-contrast images when using a conventional intensity-sensitive sensor on a microscope. However, even if the samp ...
MEMS for micro optics: from fiber optic communication to display
... advantages over solid-state devices in terms of high contrast intensity modulation by relatively large change of refractive index, large spatial scan angle by optomechanical reflection or refraction, and optical transparency in wide range of wavelength. MEMS also has industrial impact in a sense tha ...
... advantages over solid-state devices in terms of high contrast intensity modulation by relatively large change of refractive index, large spatial scan angle by optomechanical reflection or refraction, and optical transparency in wide range of wavelength. MEMS also has industrial impact in a sense tha ...
A compact laser head with high-frequency stability for Rb atomic
... to Rb saturated absorption resonances, which however used a significantly larger and more sophisticated setup.30 In order to evaluate the sources of limitations to the frequency stability measured at medium-term integration times around ⬇ 104 s and beyond, the influence of several experimental par ...
... to Rb saturated absorption resonances, which however used a significantly larger and more sophisticated setup.30 In order to evaluate the sources of limitations to the frequency stability measured at medium-term integration times around ⬇ 104 s and beyond, the influence of several experimental par ...
Laser - nptel
... 2.14 Types of Lasers and Applications: Lasers have found wide applications in areas as diverse as optical communications, medical surgery, welding technology, entertainment electronics etc. What makes such veritable use of lasers possible is the highly collimated nature of the laser beams and the co ...
... 2.14 Types of Lasers and Applications: Lasers have found wide applications in areas as diverse as optical communications, medical surgery, welding technology, entertainment electronics etc. What makes such veritable use of lasers possible is the highly collimated nature of the laser beams and the co ...
PII: 0030-4018(95)00743-1
... and r = 1. Since the MI gain is symmetric with respect to p, only the positive p-branch is plotted. Moreover, it is important to note that the dimensioneless ratio p/k represents the angle (in radians) at which the plane-wave components of the E(X, z> perturbation propagate with respect to the quasi ...
... and r = 1. Since the MI gain is symmetric with respect to p, only the positive p-branch is plotted. Moreover, it is important to note that the dimensioneless ratio p/k represents the angle (in radians) at which the plane-wave components of the E(X, z> perturbation propagate with respect to the quasi ...
Laser Linewidth Characterization
... ú ë û The first two terms correspond to simple direct detection, the third term is the useful interference signal In the application of the interferometer as a discriminator to measure laser-phase noise, time-domain chirp, and FM response, the interferometer delay must be smaller than the source coh ...
... ú ë û The first two terms correspond to simple direct detection, the third term is the useful interference signal In the application of the interferometer as a discriminator to measure laser-phase noise, time-domain chirp, and FM response, the interferometer delay must be smaller than the source coh ...
Microbial Ecology
... For immunological staining of the bacterial cells, strain-specific mAbs for A. brasilense strains Sp7 and Wa3 and a species-specific pAs for Herbaspirillum seropedicae were used. mAb-producing hybridoma cell lines were obtained by fusion of the myeloma cell line X63-Ag8.653 with B-lymphocytes of 3- ...
... For immunological staining of the bacterial cells, strain-specific mAbs for A. brasilense strains Sp7 and Wa3 and a species-specific pAs for Herbaspirillum seropedicae were used. mAb-producing hybridoma cell lines were obtained by fusion of the myeloma cell line X63-Ag8.653 with B-lymphocytes of 3- ...
Other photon-lithographies
... • New generation tool have image reduction 267, so 8m micro-mirror size gives 30nm (!!) pixel size. • Since both phase and intensity of light reflected by each pixel can be controlled, SLM can easily realize most RETs (resolution enhancement technology) such as phase-shifting, optical proximity co ...
... • New generation tool have image reduction 267, so 8m micro-mirror size gives 30nm (!!) pixel size. • Since both phase and intensity of light reflected by each pixel can be controlled, SLM can easily realize most RETs (resolution enhancement technology) such as phase-shifting, optical proximity co ...
Application of scanning electron acoustic microscopy to the
... presence of an attractive force as a consequence of strainfield interactions.” In this sense, this kind of interaction could be responsible for the strong contrast we have observed surrounding the cell walls. On the other hand, as we have mentioned above, a possible contrast related to dislocations ...
... presence of an attractive force as a consequence of strainfield interactions.” In this sense, this kind of interaction could be responsible for the strong contrast we have observed surrounding the cell walls. On the other hand, as we have mentioned above, a possible contrast related to dislocations ...
CHAPTER 1 Wave Nature of Light
... • The emission and absorption processes would be distributed in photon energy or frequency over some frequency interval (due to Doppler broadening or broadening of the energy levels E2 and E1). ...
... • The emission and absorption processes would be distributed in photon energy or frequency over some frequency interval (due to Doppler broadening or broadening of the energy levels E2 and E1). ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... CD=0 and CB=0. The non-reciprocity is not related in any way to the optical activity [27, 28]. Finally, we simulated gammadia with characteristics that break the mirror symmetry with respect to the plane parallel to the sample surface, i.e. the perpendicular mirror plane. Two perturbations that occu ...
... CD=0 and CB=0. The non-reciprocity is not related in any way to the optical activity [27, 28]. Finally, we simulated gammadia with characteristics that break the mirror symmetry with respect to the plane parallel to the sample surface, i.e. the perpendicular mirror plane. Two perturbations that occu ...
Double-pass acousto-optic modulator system
... some other way, such as launching them in an atomic fountain. Most often, the laser frequency must be switched on time scales shorter than 1 ms, and it may be that laser beams with several different frequencies must be produced from a single laser source. Acousto-optic modulators 共AOMs兲 are widely u ...
... some other way, such as launching them in an atomic fountain. Most often, the laser frequency must be switched on time scales shorter than 1 ms, and it may be that laser beams with several different frequencies must be produced from a single laser source. Acousto-optic modulators 共AOMs兲 are widely u ...
Correction of sampling errors due to laser tuning
... ety of measurements in fiber and integrated-optic systems, including loss [3, 8, 9], group delay and group velocity dispersion [10, 11, 12], grating characterization [13, 14, 15], birefringence and polarization mode dispersion [16, 17, 18], and distributed temperature and strain sensing [19, 20, 21 ...
... ety of measurements in fiber and integrated-optic systems, including loss [3, 8, 9], group delay and group velocity dispersion [10, 11, 12], grating characterization [13, 14, 15], birefringence and polarization mode dispersion [16, 17, 18], and distributed temperature and strain sensing [19, 20, 21 ...
Picosecond-resolution soft-x-ray laser plasma interferometry
... layer soft-x-ray mirrors. However, the wave-frontdivision interferometers have the drawback of a higher requirement on the spatial coherence of the laser source. This limitation can be overcome if the source is placed far away from the interferometer as, according to the Huygens–Fresnel principle,12 ...
... layer soft-x-ray mirrors. However, the wave-frontdivision interferometers have the drawback of a higher requirement on the spatial coherence of the laser source. This limitation can be overcome if the source is placed far away from the interferometer as, according to the Huygens–Fresnel principle,12 ...
Optical Fiber Communication
... • Optical detector: It is responsible for optical to electrical conversion of data and hence responsible for demodulation of the optical carrier. It may be a photodiodes, phototransistor, and photoconductors. • Electrical receiver: It is used for electrical interfacing at the receiver end of the opt ...
... • Optical detector: It is responsible for optical to electrical conversion of data and hence responsible for demodulation of the optical carrier. It may be a photodiodes, phototransistor, and photoconductors. • Electrical receiver: It is used for electrical interfacing at the receiver end of the opt ...
Free-space - University of California, San Diego
... I–O connectors, metal traces on PCB 共transmission lines兲, electrical pins, metal traces on the ceramic base board 共another transmission line兲, wire bonds to the ceramic chip, and the OE interconnection core. After the OE interconnection core the signal travels through an e.s.d.-protected output pad ...
... I–O connectors, metal traces on PCB 共transmission lines兲, electrical pins, metal traces on the ceramic base board 共another transmission line兲, wire bonds to the ceramic chip, and the OE interconnection core. After the OE interconnection core the signal travels through an e.s.d.-protected output pad ...
Fiber Optic Cable Beam Delivery Systems
... Lee Laser uses only the highest quality, low-loss optical transmission fibers. The single-fiber cable features a high-purity silica glass core available in diameters from 200 m to 1000 m. Core size is determined by the desired laser beam power throughput, with the largest size used to handle the mul ...
... Lee Laser uses only the highest quality, low-loss optical transmission fibers. The single-fiber cable features a high-purity silica glass core available in diameters from 200 m to 1000 m. Core size is determined by the desired laser beam power throughput, with the largest size used to handle the mul ...
Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
... The idea and first demonstration of TXRF were presented in 1971,1 and since then many publications have appeared describing both methodological developments and applications. The present state of TXRF was given by authors of some reviews.24 In the TXRF spectrometers a very small part only of the x- ...
... The idea and first demonstration of TXRF were presented in 1971,1 and since then many publications have appeared describing both methodological developments and applications. The present state of TXRF was given by authors of some reviews.24 In the TXRF spectrometers a very small part only of the x- ...
Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of adding a spatial pinhole placed at the confocal plane of the lens to eliminate out-of-focus light. It enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from the obtained images. This technique has gained popularity in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.